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Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience

Multiple Choice

Introduction to Behavioral NeuroscienceMultiple Choice

6.1 An Overview of the Visual System

1.
Light is most frequently described by the:
  1. amplitude of pressure waves in the air.
  2. wavelength of electromagnetic waves.
  3. size of photons.
  4. speed of photons.
2 .
Where are the cells that respond to light in the eye located?
  1. Lens
  2. Cornea
  3. Retina
  4. Vitreous humor
3.
The defects that cause myopia are typically in the:
  1. retina.
  2. brain.
  3. shape of the eye.
  4. ear.

6.2 The Retina

4 .
Your sharpest (highest acuity) vision is mediated by:
  1. rods.
  2. cones.
  3. outer segments.
  4. inner segments.
5.
Imagine you are recording from a photoreceptor. You start recording in the dark then shine bright light on the photoreceptor. What will happen?
  1. The photoreceptor will fire action potentials. The brighter the light, the more action potentials it will fire.
  2. The photoreceptor will stop firing action potentials. The brighter the light, the fewer action potentials it will fire.
  3. The photoreceptor will hyperpolarize. The brighter the light, the more it will hyperpolarize.
  4. The photoreceptor will depolarize. The brighter the light, the more it will depolarize.
6 .
In the dark, Na+ channels in rods are:
  1. open.
  2. closed.
  3. sensitized.
  4. absent.
7.
Which of the following molecules changes shape directly in response to light exposure?
  1. 11-cis-retinal
  2. phosphodiesterase
  3. cGMP
  4. Na+ channels
8 .
Color vision relies on:
  1. the sensitivities of different cone types to different wavelengths of light.
  2. comparing activation of rods versus cones.
  3. the location of the photoreceptors on the retina.
  4. the 3 major types of retinal ganglion cells.
9.
Color blindness:
  1. is caused by mutations that make one of the cone types less functional.
  2. is more common in males than females.
  3. does not make a person actually blind to a wavelength of light but just makes some colors look more similar than they do for non-color blind individuals.
  4. All of these are true
10 .
What would the vision of someone who did not have red cones be like?
  1. They would not see anything red; red objects would be mostly invisible
  2. Red light would look similar to green light
  3. Red light would look similar to blue light
  4. They would have poor vision in the dark

6.3 Visual Processing Begins in Bipolar, Horizontal, Amacrine and Ganglion Cells

11.
Which of the following have receptive fields?
  1. Photoreceptors
  2. Bipolar cells
  3. Retinal ganglion cells
  4. All of these
12 .
Which of the following will cause an on-center bipolar cell to depolarize the most?
  1. Light in the center of its receptive field
  2. Light in the surround of its receptive field
  3. Light in both the center and surround of its receptive field
  4. Dark in the center of its receptive field
13.
High acuity vision relies on which cell type?
  1. Magnocellular ganglion cells
  2. Parvocellular ganglion cells
  3. Ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus
  4. Melanopsin-containing ganglion cells
14 .
Regulating our circadian rhythm relies on which cell type?
  1. Magnocellular ganglion cells
  2. Parvocellular ganglion cells
  3. Ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus
  4. Melanopsin-containing ganglion cells

6.4 The Thalamus and Primary Visual Cortex

15.
Visual information from the right visual field is transmitted to:
  1. right LGN.
  2. left LGN.
  3. both right and left LGN.
  4. right V1.
16 .
Imagine a brain injury that damaged the right optic nerve. Where would the visual deficits be?
  1. Loss of right eye vision
  2. Loss of left visual field
  3. Loss of right visual field
  4. Loss of left eye vision
17.
A cortical simple cell will respond well to a:
  1. very bright spot of light.
  2. straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark in a preferred spatial location.
  3. straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark anywhere in the receptive field
  4. dark spot on a bright background.
18 .
A cortical complex cell will respond best to a:
  1. very bright spot of light.
  2. straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark in a preferred spatial location.
  3. straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark anywhere in the receptive field
  4. dark spot on a bright background.
19.
The preferential responsiveness of a V1 neuron to input from one eye over the other is known as:
  1. ocular dominance.
  2. narrow tuning.
  3. endstopping.
  4. retinotopia.
20 .
Which statement best describes how visual information is processed in the cortex?
  1. Information is processed by many cortical areas and divided up into separable features, such as object identification versus object location/speed.
  2. Everything is processed in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  3. Information from the 2 eyes is kept completely separate so you know which eye is providing a visualization of something.
  4. Visual information is not processed by cortical areas. It stops at the thalamus.
21.
A recording electrode placed in the most posterior part of V1, at the very back of the occipital cortex, would be excited most by light from:
  1. the periphery.
  2. red wavelength.
  3. the fovea.
  4. the contralateral eye.
22 .
Simple cells in V1 are usually found in layer ________ while complex cells are found in layer ________.
  1. Layer 4 and 6 / layer 2-3, 5 and 6
  2. Layer 2-3, 5 and 6 / layer 4 and 6
  3. Layer 5 / layer 1
  4. Layer S / Layer C

6.5 Extrastriate Cortex

23.
The dorsal stream in visual processing:
  1. mediates face recognition.
  2. is composed primarily of area MT.
  3. has information flow only in the forward direction, from V1 into dorsal cortical areas.
  4. is composed of multiple brain regions with connections that send information forward and backwards (feedback).
24 .
The ventral stream in visual processing:
  1. is composed of multiple brain regions with connections that send information forward and backwards (feedback).
  2. is composed primarily of inferotemporal cortex.
  3. has information flow only in the forward direction, from V1 into dorsal cortical areas.
  4. mediates motion perception.
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