Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page

Bibliography

Adams, William Y. 1983. “Once More to the Fray: Further Reflections on Navajo Kinship and Residence.” Journal of Anthropological Research 39 (4): 393–414.

Adoption Network. “US Adoption Statistics.” https://adoptionnetwork.com/adoption-statistics#:~:text=There%20are%20about%201.5%20million,one%20out%20of%2050%20children.

Bao, Jiemin. 2008. “Denaturalizing Polygyny in Bangkok, Thailand.” Ethnology 47 (2/3): 145–61.

Bao, Jiemin. 2003. “The Gendered Biopolitics of Marriage and Immigration: A Study of Pre-1949 Chinese Immigrants in Thailand.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34 (1): 127–51.

Child Welfare League of America. 2019. “The Nation’s Children 2019.” March 2019. https://www.cwla.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/National-2019.pdf.

Ember, Carol R., Melvin Ember, and Peter Peregrine. 2014. Anthropology. 14th ed. New York: Pearson.

Foster, George. 1953. “Cofradía and Compadrazgo in Spain and Spanish America.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9:1–28.

Foster, George. 1963. “The Dyadic Contract in Tzintzuntzan: A Patron-Client Relationship.” American Anthropologist 65 (6): 1280–94.

Fox, Robin. 1977. Kinship and Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective. London: Penguin.

Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1987. “When Brothers Share a Wife.” Natural History 96 (3): 38–49.

Haile, Berard. 1942. “Why the Navajo Hogan?” Primitive Man 15 (3–4): 39–56.

Hua, Cai. 2008. A Society without Fathers or Husbands: The Na of China. Translated by Asti Hustvedt. New York: Zone Books.

Ingar, Carmen Mez. 2015. “Necesidad de desarrollar el derecho consuetudinario.” Revista Jurídica “Docentia et Investigatio” 17 (1): 21–30.

Jacobi, Jeffrey S. 2006. “Two Spirits, Two Eras, Same Sex: For a Traditionalist Perspective on Native American Tribal Same-Sex Marriage Policy.” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 39 (4): 823–50.

Keesing, Felix. 1958. Cultural Anthropology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Kramer, Stephanie. 2019. “U.S. Has World’s Highest Rate of Children Living in Single-Parent Households.” Pew Research Center. December 12, 2019. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/12/12/u-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent/.

Lamphere, Louise. 2005. “Replacing Heteronormative Views of Kinship and Marriage.” American Ethnologist 32 (1): 34–36.

Leinaweaver, Jessaca. 2014. “Informal Kinship-Based Fostering Around the World: Anthropological Findings.” Child Development Perspectives 8 (3): 131–35.

Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1922. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.

Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1930. “Kinship.” Man, 30:19–20.

Mintz, Sidney W., and Eric R. Wolf. 1950. “An Analysis of Ritual Co-Parenthood (Compadrazgo).” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 6 (4): 341–68.

Mattison, Siobhán M. “Paternal Investment and the Positive Effects of Fathers among the Matrilineal Mosuo of Southwest China.” American Anthropologist. 116 (3): 591–610.

Morgan, Lewis Henry. 1871. Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.

Murphy, Yolanda, and Robert Murphy. 1985. Women of the Forest. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press.

Peng, Jessica. 2018. “To Marry or Not to Marry? Consensual Union Is Popular in Iceland.” Reykjavik Grapevine. June 4, 2018. https://grapevine.is/mag/articles/2018/06/04/to-marry-or-not-to-marry-consensual-union-is-popular-in-iceland/.

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1922. The Andaman Islanders. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London: Cohen and West Ltd.

Rivers, W. H. R. 1910. “The Genealogical Method of Anthropological Inquiry.” The Sociological Review 3 (1): 1–12.

Schulte, Ernest L. 1965. Manual for Kinship Analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Shapiro, Warren. 2015. “Not ‘From the Natives’ Point of View’: Why the New Kinship Studies Need the Old Kinship Terminologies.” Anthropos 110 (1): 1–13.

Sitlhou, Hoineilhing. 2018. “Symbolism of Bride Wealth and Gift-Giving in Marriage System of the Kukis.” Indian Anthropologist 48 (1): 31–46.

Stone, Linda. 1998. Kinship and Gender: An Introduction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Schwartze, Lucas J. 2010. “Grave Vows: A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Varying Forms of Ghost Marriage among Five Societies.” Nebraska Anthropologist 25:82–95.

Topley, Marjorie. 1955. “Ghost Marriage among the Singapore Chinese.” Man 55:29–30.

United States Census Bureau. 2016. “The Majority of Children Live with Two Parents, Census Bureau Reports.” November 17, 2016. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2016/cb16-192.html.

Van Vleet, Krista E. 2008. Performing Kinship: Narrative, Gender, and the Intimacies of Power in the Andes. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Zeitzen, Miriam Koktvedgaard. 2008. Polygamy: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Oxford, UK: Berg.

Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Apr 23, 2026 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.