Skip to ContentGo to accessibility pageKeyboard shortcuts menu
OpenStax Logo

Alberti, Giorgio, and Enrique Mayer, eds. 1974. Reciprocidad e intercambio en los Andes peruanos. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

Alchon, Suzanne Austin. 2003. A Pest in the Land: New World Epidemics in a Global Perspective. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Algaze, Guillermo. 2005. The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian Civilization. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Algaze, Guillermo. 2013. “The End of Prehistory and the Uruk Period.” In The Sumerian World, edited by Harriet Crawford, 68–94. New York: Routledge.

Appadurai, Arjun. 1990. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory, Culture, and Society 7 (2–3): 295–310.

Balachandran, Manu. 2016. “Which Country Has the Largest Diaspora?” World Economic Forum. January 15, 2016. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/which-country-has-the-largest-diaspora/.

Blaxland, Beth, and Fran Dorey. 2020. “The First Migrations out of Africa.” Australian Museum. April 3, 2020. https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/the-first-migrations-out-of-africa/.

Buzalka, Juraj. 2008. “Europeanisation and Post-Peasant Populism in Eastern Europe.” Europe-Asia Studies 60 (5): 757–771.

Carballo, David M. 2020. Collision of Worlds: A Deep History of the Fall of Aztec Mexico and the Forging of New Spain. New York: Oxford University Press.

Chappell, Bill. 2019. “A Father and Daughter Who Drowned at the Border Put Attention on Immigration.” NPR. June 26, 2019. https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736177694/a-father-and-daughter-drowned-at-the-border-put-attention-on-immigration.

Child Trends. 2018. “Immigrant Children.” December 28, 2018. https://www.childtrends.org/indicators/immigrant-children.

Conant, Eve, and Matthew W. Chwastyk. 2015. “The World’s Congested Human Migration Routes in 5 Maps.” National Geographic, September 19, 2015. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/09/150919-data-points-refugees-migrants-maps-human-migrations-syria-world/.

De León, Jason. 2015. The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail. Oakland: University of California Press.

Echavarri, Fernanda. 2020. “2020 Was the Deadliest Year on Record for Migrants Crossing the Arizona Desert.” Mother Jones, December 22, 2020. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/12/record-deaths-migrants-arizona-.desert/.

Erlandson, Jon M., Michael H. Graham, Bruce J. Bourque, Debra Corbett, James A. Estes, and Robert S. Steneck. 2007. “The Kelp Highway Hypothesis: Marine Ecology, the Coastal Migration Theory, and the Peopling of the Americas.” Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2 (2): 161–174.

Gandhi, Ajay. 2001. “Indigenous Resistance to New Colonialism.” Cultural Survival, September 2001. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/indigenous-resistance-new-colonialism.

Global Migration Data Analysis Centre. 2021. “Migration Data Relevant for the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Migration Data Portal. March 10, 2021. https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/migration-data-relevant-covid-19-pandemic.

Gruhn, Ruth. 2020. “Evidence Grows That Peopling of the Americas Began More Than 20,000 Years Ago.” Nature, July 22, 2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02137-3.

Jarus, Owen. 2020. “20 of the Worst Epidemics and Pandemics in History.” Live Science, March 20, 2020. https://www.livescience.com/worst-epidemics-and-pandemics-in-history.html.

Kearney, Michael. 1995. “The Local and the Global: The Anthropology of Globalization and Transnationalism.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24:547–565.

Lehrer, Erica. 2020. “Material Kin: ‘Communities of Implication’ in Post-Colonial, Post-Holocaust Polish Ethnographic Collections.” In Across Anthropology: Troubling Colonial Legacies, Museums, and the Curatorial, edited by Margareta von Oswald and Jonas Tinius, 289–322. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press.

Lukose, Ritty A. 2007. “The Difference That Diaspora Makes: Thinking through the Anthropology of Immigrant Education in the United States.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 38 (4): 405–418.

Matsu’ura, Shuji, Megumi Kondo, Tohru Danhara, Shuhei Sakata, Hideki Iwano, Takafumi Hirata, Iwan Kurniawan, Erick Setiyabudi, Yoshihiro Takeshita, Masayuki Hyodo, Ikuko Kitaba, Masafumi Sudo, Yugo Danhara, and Fachroel Aziz. 2020. “Age Control of the First Appearance Datum for Javanese Homo erectus in the Sangiran Area.” Science 367 (6474): 210–214. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau8556.

Meyers, Richard, and Ernest Weston Jr. 2020. “What Rez Dogs Mean to the Lakota.” Sapiens, December 2, 2020. https://www.sapiens.org/culture/rez-dogs.

Mondal, Sekh Rahim. 2007. “Globalization and Anthropology.” Indian Anthropologist 37 (2): 93–98.

Murra, John V. 1975. Formaciones económicas y políticas del mundo andino. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

Ocean Wise. 2017. “Riding the Kelp Highway.” November 10, 2017. https://ocean.org/articles/riding-kelp-highway/.

Orlove, Benjamin. 2007. “Editorial: Current Approaches to Hybridity.” Current Anthropology 48 (5): 631–632.

Ramsay, Georgina. 2016. “Avoiding Poison: Congolese Refugees Seeking Cosmological Continuity in Urban Asylum.” Social Analysis 60 (3): 112–128.

Ramya, Tame. 2017. “From Hills to Foothills: An Anthropological Perspective on Internal Migration of Tribals in Arunachal Pradesh.” Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 3 (1): 21–27.

Redfield, Robert. 1956. Peasant Society and Culture: An Anthropological Approach to Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Skinner, Arran. 2019. “On Not Looking Away.” Nation, July 16, 2019. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/oscar-alberto-martinez-photograph/.

Snipes, Marjorie M. 1996. “When the Other Speaks: Animals and Place as Social Space in the Argentine Andes.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin–Madison. ProQuest (AAT 9636601).

Snipes, Shedra A., Beti Thompson, Kathleen O’Connor, Ruby Godina, and Genoveva Ibarra. 2007. “Anthropological and Psychological Merge: Design of a Stress Measure for Mexican Farmworkers.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 31 (3): 359–388.

Snow, Anita. 2021. “Arizona Border Deaths Hit 10-Year High after Record Heat.” AP News. January 6, 2021. https://apnews.com/article/arizona-phoenix-mexico-immigration-tucson-50b462c927f2824e2cb10bc53f3f08af.

Tarlach, Gemma. 2018. “The Peopling of the Americas: Evidence for Multiple Models.” Discover, August 8, 2018. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-peopling-of-the-americas-evidence-for-multiple-models.

Taylor, Derrick Bryson. 2021. “A Timeline of the Coronavirus Pandemic.” New York Times, January 10, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html.

US Customs and Border Protection. 2020. “Southwest Border Migration FY 2020.” November 19, 2020. https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration-fy2020.

UNHCR. 2019. “UNHCR Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018.” ReliefWeb. June 19, 2019. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/unhcr-global-trends-forced-displacement-2018-0.

UNHCR. 2020. “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2019.” June 2020. https://www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/globaltrends2019/.

Vågene, Åshild J., Alexander Herbig, Michael G. Campana, Nelly M. Robles García, Christina Warinner, Susanna Sabin, Maria A. Spyrou, Aida Andrades Valtueña, Daniel Huson, Noreen Tuross, Kirsten I. Bos, and Johannes Krause. 2018. “Salmonella enterica Genomes from Victims of a Major Sixteenth-Century Epidemic in Mexico.” Nature Ecology and Evolution 2 (3): 520–528.

Virtanen, Pirjo Kristiina. 2006. “The Urban Manchinery Youth and Social Capital in Western Amazonian Contemporary Rituals.” Anthropos 101 (1): 159–167.

Werbner, Pnina. 2001. “The Limits of Cultural Hybridity: On Ritual Monsters, Poetic Licence and Contested Postcolonial Purifications.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 7 (1): 133–152.

Wilford, John Noble. 2007. “Ruins in Northern Syria Bear the Scars of a City’s Final Battle.” New York Times, January 16, 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/science/16batt.html.

Woldeab, Rafael. 2019. “Why Do People Migrate? The 4 Most Common Types of Migration.” PopEd Blog, Population Education. October 30, 2019. https://populationeducation.org/why-do-people-migrate-the-4-most-common-types-of-migration/.

Wolf, Eric. 1966. Peasants. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Wooller Matthew J., Émilie Saulnier-Talbot, Ben A. Potter, Soumaya Belmecheri, Nancy Bigelow, Kyungcheol Choy, Les C. Cwynar, Kimberley Davies, Russell W. Graham, Joshua Kurek, Peter Langdon, Andrew Medeiros, Ruth Rawcliffe, Yue Wang, and Williams John W. 2018. “A New Terrestrial Palaeoenvironmental Record from the Bering Land Bridge and Context for Human Dispersal.” Royal Society Open Science 5 (6). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180145.

Order a print copy

As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.

Citation/Attribution

This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission.

Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License and you must attribute OpenStax.

Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction
Citation information

© Dec 20, 2023 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.