Lynn Marecek

Learning Objectives

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

Solve coin word problems
Solve ticket and stamp word problems
Solve mixture word problems
Solve uniform motion applications

Be Prepared 2.4

Before you get started, take this readiness quiz.

Simplify: $0.25 x + 0.10 (x + 4) .$
If you missed this problem, review Example 1.52.
The number of adult tickets is three more than twice the number of children tickets. Let c represent the number of children tickets. Write an expression for the number of adult tickets.
If you missed this problem, review Example 1.11.
Convert 4.2% to a decimal.
If you missed this problem, review Example 1.40.

Solve Coin Word Problems

Using algebra to find the number of nickels and pennies in a piggy bank may seem silly. You may wonder why we just don’t open the bank and count them. But this type of problem introduces us to some techniques that will be useful as we move forward in our study of mathematics.

A photo of coins; separate stacks of nickels, pennies, quarters, and dimes

If we have a pile of dimes, how would we determine its value? If we count the number of dimes, we’ll know how many we have—the number of dimes. But this does not tell us the value of all the dimes. Say we counted 23 dimes, how much are they worth? Each dime is worth $0.10—that is the value of one dime. To find the total value of the pile of 23 dimes, multiply 23 by $0.10 to get $2.30.

The number of dimes times the value of each dime equals the total value of the dimes.

\begin{matrix} n u m b e r \cdot v a l u e & = & t o t a l v a l u e \\ 23 \cdot $0.10 & = & $ 2.30 \end{matrix}

This method leads to the following model.

Total Value of Coins

For the same type of coin, the total value of a number of coins is found by using the model

n u m b e r \cdot v a l u e = t o t a l v a l u e

number is the number of coins
value is the value of each coin
total value is the total value of all the coins

If we had several types of coins, we could continue this process for each type of coin, and then we would know the total value of each type of coin. To get the total value of all the coins, add the total value of each type of coin.

Example 2.39

Jesse has $3.02 worth of pennies and nickels in his piggy bank. The number of nickels is three more than eight times the number of pennies. How many nickels and how many pennies does Jesse have?

Solution

Step 1. Read the problem. Determine the types of coins involved. Create a table. Write in the value of each type of coin.	pennies and nickels Pennies are worth $0.10. Nickels are worth $0.05.
Step 2. Identify what we are looking for.	the number of pennies and nickels
Step 3. Name. Represent the number of each type of coin using variables. The number of nickels is defined in terms of the number of pennies, so start with pennies. The number of nickels is three more than eight times the number of pennies.	Let $p =$ number of pennies. $8 p + 3 =$ number of nickels
In the chart, multiply the number and the value to get the total value of each type of coin.

Step 4. Translate. Write the equation by adding the total value of all the types of coins.
Step 5. Solve the equation.
How many nickels?
Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense. Jesse has 7 pennies and 59 nickels. Is the total value $$ 3.02 ?$ $\begin{matrix} 7 (0.01) + 59 (0.05) & \overset{?}{=} & 3.02 \\ 3.02 & = & 3.02 ✓ \end{matrix}$

Try It 2.77

Jesse has $6.55 worth of quarters and nickels in his pocket. The number of nickels is five more than two times the number of quarters. How many nickels and how many quarters does Jesse have?

Try It 2.78

Elane has $7.00 total in dimes and nickels in her coin jar. The number of dimes that Elane has is seven less than three times the number of nickels. How many of each coin does Elane have?

The steps for solving a coin word problem are summarized below.

How To

Solve coin word problems.

Step 1.
Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.
- Determine the types of coins involved.
- Create a table to organize the information.
  - Label the columns “type,” “number,” “value,” and “total value.”
  - List the types of coins.
  - Write in the value of each type of coin.
  - Write in the total value of all the coins.
Step 2. Identify what you are looking for.
Step 3.
Name what you are looking for. Choose a variable to represent that quantity.
- Use variable expressions to represent the number of each type of coin and write them in the table.
- Multiply the number times the value to get the total value of each type of coin.
Step 4.
Translate into an equation.
- It may be helpful to restate the problem in one sentence with all the important information. Then, translate the sentence into an equation.
- Write the equation by adding the total values of all the types of coins.
Step 5. Solve the equation using good algebra techniques.
Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.

Solve Ticket and Stamp Word Problems

Problems involving tickets or stamps are very much like coin problems. Each type of ticket and stamp has a value, just like each type of coin does. So to solve these problems, we will follow the same steps we used to solve coin problems.

Example 2.40

Danny paid $15.75 for stamps. The number of 49-cent stamps was five less than three times the number of 35-cent stamps. How many 49-cent stamps and how many 35-cent stamps did Danny buy?

Solution

Step 1. Determine the types of stamps involved.	49-cent stamps and 35-cent stamps
Step 2. Identify we are looking for.	the number of 49-cent stamps and the number of 35-cent stamps
Step 3. Write variable expressions to represent the number of each type of stamp.	Let x = number of 35-cent stamps.
“The number of 49-cent stamps was five less than three times the number of 35-cent stamps.”	$3 x - 5 =$ number of 49-cent stamps

Step 4. Write the equation from the total values.
Step 5. Solve the equation.
How many 49-cent stamps?
Step 6. Check. $\begin{matrix} 10 (0.35) + 25 (0.49) & \overset{?}{=} & 15.75 \\ 3.50 + 12.25 & \overset{?}{=} & 15.75 \\ 15.75 & = & 15.75 ✓ \end{matrix}$
Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.	Danny bought ten 35-cent stamps and twenty-five 49-cent stamps.

Try It 2.79

Eric paid $19.88 for stamps. The number of 49-cent stamps was eight more than twice the number of 35-cent stamps. How many 49-cent stamps and how many 35-cent stamps did Eric buy?

Try It 2.80

Kailee paid $14.74 for stamps. The number of 49-cent stamps was four less than three times the number of 20-cent stamps. How many 49-cent stamps and how many 20-cent stamps did Kailee buy?

In most of our examples so far, we have been told that one quantity is four more than twice the other, or something similar. In our next example, we have to relate the quantities in a different way.

Suppose Aniket sold a total of 100 tickets. Each ticket was either an adult ticket or a child ticket. If he sold 20 child tickets, how many adult tickets did he sell?

Did you say “80”? How did you figure that out? Did you subtract 20 from 100?

If he sold 45 child tickets, how many adult tickets did he sell?

Did you say “55”? How did you find it? By subtracting 45 from 100?

Now, suppose Aniket sold x child tickets. Then how many adult tickets did he sell? To find out, we would follow the same logic we used above. In each case, we subtracted the number of child tickets from 100 to get the number of adult tickets. We now do the same with x.

We have summarized this in the table.

This table has two columns and four rows. The first row is a header row and it labels each column, “Child tickets” and “Adult tickets.” In row two, the number of child tickets was 20 and the number of adult tickets was 80. In row two, the number of child tickets was 45 and the number of adult tickets was 55. In row three, the number of child tickets was x and the number of adult tickets was 100 minus x.

We will apply this technique in the next example.

Example 2.41

A whale-watching ship had 40 paying passengers on board. The total revenue collected from tickets was $1,196. Full-fare passengers paid $32 each and reduced-fare passengers paid $26 each. How many full-fare passengers and how many reduced-fare passengers were on the ship?

Solution

Step 1. Determine the types of tickets involved.	full-fare tickets and reduced-fare tickets
Step 2. Identify what we are looking for.	the number of full-fare tickets and reduced-fare tickets
Step 3. Name. Represent the number of each type of ticket using variables.	Let f = the number of full-fare tickets. $40 - f =$ the number of reduced-fare tickets
We know the total number of tickets sold was 40. This means the number of reduced-fare tickets is 40 less the number of full-fare tickets. Multiply the number times the value to get the total value of each type of ticket.

Step 4. Translate. Write the equation by adding the total values of each type of ticket.
Step 5. Solve the equation.
How many reduced-fare?
Step 6. Check the answer. There were 26 full-fare tickets at $32 each and 14 reduced-fare tickets at $26 each. Is the total value $116? $\begin{matrix} 26 \cdot 32 & = & 832 \\ 14 \cdot 26 & = & \underset{——}{364} \\ 1,196 ✓ \end{matrix}$
Step 7. Answer the question.	They sold 26 full-fare and 14 reduced-fare tickets.

Try It 2.81

During her shift at the museum ticket booth, Leah sold 115 tickets for a total of $1,163. Adult tickets cost $12 and student tickets cost $5. How many adult tickets and how many student tickets did Leah sell?

Try It 2.82

Galen sold 810 tickets for his church’s carnival for a total revenue of $2,820. Children’s tickets cost $3 each and adult tickets cost $5 each. How many children’s tickets and how many adult tickets did he sell?

Solve Mixture Word Problems

Now we’ll solve some more general applications of the mixture model. In mixture problems, we are often mixing two quantities, such as raisins and nuts, to create a mixture, such as trail mix. In our tables we will have a row for each item to be mixed as well as one for the final mixture.

Example 2.42

Henning is mixing raisins and nuts to make 25 pounds of trail mix. Raisins cost $4.50 a pound and nuts cost $8 a pound. If Henning wants his cost for the trail mix to be $6.60 a pound, how many pounds of raisins and how many pounds of nuts should he use?

Solution

Step 1. Determine what is being mixed.	The 25 pounds of trail mix will come from mixing raisins and nuts.
Step 2. Identify what we are looking for.	the number of pounds of raisins and nuts
Step 3. Represent the number of each type of ticket using variables. As before, we fill in a chart to organize our information. We enter the price per pound for each item. We multiply the number times the value to get the total value.	Let $x =$ number of pounds of raisins. $25 - x =$ number of pounds of nuts
Notice that the last column in the table gives the information for the total amount of the mixture.
Step 4. Translate into an equation.	The value of the raisins plus the value of the nuts will be the value of the trail mix.
Step 5. Solve the equation.

Find the number of pounds of nuts.
Step 6. Check. $\begin{matrix} 4.5 (10) + 8 (15) & \overset{?}{=} & 25 (6.60) \\ 45 + 120 & \overset{?}{=} & 165 \\ 165 & = & 165 ✓ \end{matrix}$
Step 7. Answer the question.	Henning mixed ten pounds of raisins with 15 pounds of nuts.

Try It 2.83

Orlando is mixing nuts and cereal squares to make a party mix. Nuts sell for $7 a pound and cereal squares sell for $4 a pound. Orlando wants to make 30 pounds of party mix at a cost of $6.50 a pound, how many pounds of nuts and how many pounds of cereal squares should he use?

Try It 2.84

Becca wants to mix fruit juice and soda to make a punch. She can buy fruit juice for $3 a gallon and soda for $4 a gallon. If she wants to make 28 gallons of punch at a cost of $3.25 a gallon, how many gallons of fruit juice and how many gallons of soda should she buy?

Solve Uniform Motion Applications

When you are driving down the interstate using your cruise control, the speed of your car stays the same—it is uniform. We call a problem in which the speed of an object is constant a uniform motion application. We will use the distance, rate, and time formula, $D = r t,$ to compare two scenarios, such as two vehicles travelling at different rates or in opposite directions.

Our problem solving strategies will still apply here, but we will add to the first step. The first step will include drawing a diagram that shows what is happening in the example. Drawing the diagram helps us understand what is happening so that we will write an appropriate equation. Then we will make a table to organize the information, like we did for the coin, ticket, and stamp applications.

The steps are listed here for easy reference:

How To

Solve a uniform motion application.

Step 1.
Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.
- Draw a diagram to illustrate what is happening.
- Create a table to organize the information.
  - Label the columns rate, time, distance.
  - List the two scenarios.
  - Write in the information you know.
Step 2. Identify what you are looking for.
Step 3.
Name what you are looking for. Choose a variable to represent that quantity.
- Complete the chart.
- Use variable expressions to represent that quantity in each row.
- Multiply the rate times the time to get the distance.
Step 4.
Translate into an equation.
- Restate the problem in one sentence with all the important information.
- Then, translate the sentence into an equation.
Step 5. Solve the equation using good algebra techniques.
Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.

Example 2.43

Wayne and Dennis like to ride the bike path from Riverside Park to the beach. Dennis’s speed is seven miles per hour faster than Wayne’s speed, so it takes Wayne two hours to ride to the beach while it takes Dennis 1.5 hours for the ride. Find the speed of both bikers.

Solution

Step 1. Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.

Draw a diagram to illustrate what it happening. Shown below is a sketch of what is happening in the example.
Create a table to organize the information.
- Label the columns “Rate,” “Time,” and “Distance.”
- List the two scenarios.
- Write in the information you know.

Step 2. Identify what you are looking for.

You are asked to find the speed of both bikers.

Notice that the distance formula uses the word “rate,” but it is more common to use “speed”

when we talk about vehicles in everyday English.

Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Choose a variable to represent that quantity.

Complete the chart
Use variable expressions to represent that quantity in each row.
We are looking for the speed of the bikers. Let’s let r represent Wayne’s speed. Since Dennis’ speed is 7 mph faster, we represent that as $r + 7$
$\begin{matrix} r + 7 & = & Dennis’ speed \\ r & = & Wayne’s speed \end{matrix}$
Fill in the speeds into the chart.
Multiply the rate times the time to get the distance.

Step 4. Translate into an equation.

Restate the problem in one sentence with all the important information.
Then, translate the sentence into an equation.
The equation to model this situation will come from the relation between the distances. Look at the diagram we drew above. How is the distance travelled by Dennis related to the distance travelled by Wayne?
Since both bikers leave from Riverside and travel to the beach, they travel the same distance. So we write:

Step 5. Solve the equation using algebra techniques.

Now solve this equation.	So Wayne’s speed is 21 mph.
Find Dennis’ speed.	Dennis’ speed 28 mph.

Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.

$\begin{matrix} Dennis & 28 mph (1.5 hours) = 42 miles \\ Wayne & 21 mph (2 hours) = 42 miles ✓ \end{matrix}$

Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.

Wayne rode at 21 mph and Dennis rode at 28 mph.

Try It 2.85

An express train and a local train leave Pittsburgh to travel to Washington, D.C. The express train can make the trip in four hours and the local train takes five hours for the trip. The speed of the express train is 12 miles per hour faster than the speed of the local train. Find the speed of both trains.

Try It 2.86

Jeromy can drive from his house in Cleveland to his college in Chicago in 4.5 hours. It takes his mother six hours to make the same drive. Jeromy drives 20 miles per hour faster than his mother. Find Jeromy’s speed and his mother’s speed.

In Example 2.43, we had two bikers traveling the same distance. In the next example, two people drive toward each other until they meet.

Example 2.44

Carina is driving from her home in Anaheim to Berkeley on the same day her brother is driving from Berkeley to Anaheim, so they decide to meet for lunch along the way in Buttonwillow. The distance from Anaheim to Berkeley is 395 miles. It takes Carina three hours to get to Buttonwillow, while her brother drives four hours to get there. Carina’s average speed is 15 miles per hour faster than her brother’s average speed. Find Carina’s and her brother’s average speeds.

Solution

Step 1. Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.

Draw a diagram to illustrate what it happening. Below shows a sketch of what is happening in the example.
Create a table to organize the information.
- Label the columns rate, time, distance.
- List the two scenarios.
- Write in the information you know.

Step 2. Identify what we are looking for.

We are asked to find the average speeds of Carina and her brother.

Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Choose a variable to represent that quantity.

Complete the chart.
Use variable expressions to represent that quantity in each row.
We are looking for their average speeds. Let’s let r represent the average speed of Carina's brother. Since Carina’s speed is 15 mph faster, we represent that as $r + 15 .$
Fill in the speeds into the chart.
Multiply the rate times the time to get the distance.

Step 4. Translate into an equation.

Restate the problem in one sentence with all the important information.
Then, translate the sentence into an equation.
Again, we need to identify a relationship between the distances in order to write an equation. Look at the diagram we created above and notice the relationship between the distance Carina traveled and the distance her brother traveled.
The distance Carina traveled plus the distance her brother travel must add up to 410 miles. So we write:

Step 5. Solve the equation using algebra techniques.

Now solve this equation.	So Carina’s brother's speed was 50 mph.
Carina’s speed is $r + 15 .$	Carina’s speed was 65 mph.

Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
$\begin{matrix} Carina drove & 65 mph (3 hours) & = & 195 miles \\ Her brother drove & 50 mph (4 hours) & = & \underset{—————}{200 miles} \\ 395 miles ✓ \end{matrix}$

Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.

Carina drove 65 mph and her brother 50 mph.

Try It 2.87

Christopher and his parents live 115 miles apart. They met at a restaurant between their homes to celebrate his mother’s birthday. Christopher drove one and a half hours while his parents drove one hour to get to the restaurant. Christopher’s average speed was ten miles per hour faster than his parents’ average speed. What were the average speeds of Christopher and of his parents as they drove to the restaurant?

Try It 2.88

Ashley goes to college in Minneapolis, 234 miles from her home in Sioux Falls. She wants her parents to bring her more winter clothes, so they decide to meet at a restaurant on the road between Minneapolis and Sioux Falls. Ashley and her parents both drove two hours to the restaurant. Ashley’s average speed was seven miles per hour faster than her parents’ average speed. Find Ashley’s and her parents’ average speed.

As you read the next example, think about the relationship of the distances traveled. Which of the previous two examples is more similar to this situation?

Example 2.45

Two truck drivers leave a rest area on the interstate at the same time. One truck travels east and the other one travels west. The truck traveling west travels at 70 mph and the truck traveling east has an average speed of 60 mph. How long will they travel before they are 325 miles apart?

Solution

Step 1. Read the problem. Make all the words and ideas are understood.

Draw a diagram to illustrate what it happening.
Create a table to organize the information.
- Label the columns rate, time, distance.
- List the two scenarios.
- Write in the information you know.

Step 2. Identify what we are looking for.

We are asked to find the amount of time the trucks will travel until they are 325 miles apart.

Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Choose a variable to represent that quantity.

Complete the chart.
Use variable expressions to represent that quantity in each row.
We are looking for the time travelled. Both trucks will travel the same amount of time.
Let’s call the time t. Since their speeds are different, they will travel different distances.
Multiply the rate times the time to get the distance.

Step 4. Translate into an equation.

Restate the problem in one sentence with all the important information.
Then, translate the sentence into an equation.
We need to find a relation between the distances in order to write an equation. Looking at the diagram, what is the relationship between the distances each of the trucks will travel?
The distance travelled by the truck going west plus the distance travelled by the truck going east must add up to 325 miles. So we write:

Step 5. Solve the equation using algebra techniques.

$\begin{matrix} Now solve this equation & 70 t + 60 t & = & 325 \\ 130 t & = & 325 \\ t & = & 2.5 \end{matrix}$

So it will take the trucks $2.5$ hours to be 325 miles apart.

Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.

$\begin{matrix} Truck going West & 70 mph (2.5 hours) & = & 175 miles \\ Truck going East & 60 mph (2.5 hours) & = & \underset{—————}{150 miles} \\ 325 miles ✓ \end{matrix}$

Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.
It will take the trucks 2.5 hours to be 325 miles apart.

Try It 2.89

Pierre and Monique leave their home in Portland at the same time. Pierre drives north on the turnpike at a speed of 75 miles per hour while Monique drives south at a speed of 68 miles per hour. How long will it take them to be 429 miles apart?

Try It 2.90

Thanh and Nhat leave their office in Sacramento at the same time. Thanh drives north on I-5 at a speed of 72 miles per hour. Nhat drives south on I-5 at a speed of 76 miles per hour. How long will it take them to be 330 miles apart?

It is important to make sure that the units match when we use the distance rate and time formula. For instance, if the rate is in miles per hour, then the time must be in hours.

Example 2.46

When Naoko walks to school, it takes her 30 minutes. If she rides her bike, it takes her 15 minutes. Her speed is three miles per hour faster when she rides her bike than when she walks. What is her speed walking and her speed riding her bike?

Solution

First, we draw a diagram that represents the situation to help us see what is happening.

The figure shows the uniform motion when Naoko walks to school and when she rides her bike to school. Her walk to school is represented by an arrow labeled “30 minutes.” Her ride to school is represented by a second arrow of the same length and in the same direction labeled “3 miles per hour faster” and “15 minutes.” A bracket represents the distance between her house and the school.

We are asked to find her speed walking and riding her bike. Let’s call her walking speed r. Since her biking speed is three miles per hour faster, we will call that speed $r + 3 .$ We write the speeds in the chart.

The speed is in miles per hour, so we need to express the times in hours, too, in order for the units to be the same. Remember, 1 hour is 60 minutes. So:

\begin{matrix} 30 minutes is \frac{30}{60} or \frac{1}{2} hour \\ 15 minutes is \frac{15}{60} or \frac{1}{4} hour \end{matrix}

We write the times in the chart.

Next, we multiply rate times time to fill in the distance column.

This chart has two columns and three rows. The first row is a header and it labels the second column “Rate in miles per hours times Time in hours is equal to Distance in miles.” The second header column is subdivided into three columns for “Rate,” “Time,” and “Distance.” The first column is a header and labels the second row “Walk” and the third row “Bike.” In row 2, the rate is r, the time is one-half hour, and the distance is one-half r. In row 3, the rate is the expression r plus 3, the time is one-fourth hour, and the distance is one-fourth times the quantity r plus 3.

The equation will come from the fact that the distance from Naoko’s home to her school is the same whether she is walking or riding her bike.
So we say:


Translate to an equation.
Solve this equation.
Clear the fractions by multiplying by the LCD of all the fractions in the equation.
Simplify.
	6
Let’s check if this works. $\begin{matrix} Walk 3 mph (0.5 hour) & = & 1.5 miles \\ Bike 6 mph (0.25 hour) & = & 1.5 miles \end{matrix}$

Yes, either way Naoko travels 1.5 miles to school.

Naoko’s walking speed is 3 mph and her speed riding her bike is 6 mph.

Try It 2.91

Suzy takes 50 minutes to hike uphill from the parking lot to the lookout tower. It takes her 30 minutes to hike back down to the parking lot. Her speed going downhill is 1.2 miles per hour faster than her speed going uphill. Find Suzy’s uphill and downhill speeds.

Try It 2.92

Llewyn takes 45 minutes to drive his boat upstream from the dock to his favorite fishing spot. It takes him 30 minutes to drive the boat back downstream to the dock. The boat’s speed going downstream is four miles per hour faster than its speed going upstream. Find the boat’s upstream and downstream speeds.

In the distance, rate and time formula, time represents the actual amount of elapsed time (in hours, minutes, etc.). If a problem gives us starting and ending times as clock times, we must find the elapsed time in order to use the formula.

Example 2.47

Cruz is training to compete in a triathlon. He left his house at 6:00 and ran until 7:30. Then he rode his bike until 9:45. He covered a total distance of 51 miles. His speed when biking was 1.6 times his speed when running. Find Cruz’s biking and running speeds.

Solution

A diagram will help us model this trip.

The figure shows the uniform motion of Cruz’s training for a triathlon. Cruz’s path is represented by an arrow labeled “run” which starts at 6 a m and extends to 7:30 a m and a second arrow labeled “rode” and “1.6 times faster” which starts at 7:30 a m and extends to 9:45 a m. A bracket represents the distance Cruz covers and is labeled “51 miles.”

Next, we create a table to organize the information. We know the total distance is 51 miles. We are looking for the rate of speed for each part of the trip. The rate while biking is 1.6 times the rate of running. If we let r = the rate running, then the rate biking is 1.6r.

The times here are given as clock times. Cruz started from home at 6:00 a.m. and started biking at 7:30 a.m. So he spent 1.5 hours running. Then he biked from 7:30 a.m until 9:45 a.m. So he spent 2.25 hours biking.

Now, we multiply the rates by the times.

The chart has two columns and four rows. The first row is a header and it labels the second column “Rate in miles per hour times Time in hours is equal to Distance in miles.” The first column is a header column and it labels the second row “run” and the third row “bike” The second header column is subdivided into three columns for the “Rate,” “Time,” and “Distance.” The fourth row only gives the total distance covered. In row 2, the rate is r, the time is 1.5 hours, and the distance is 1.5 r. In row 3, the rate is 1.6, the time is 2.25 hours, and the distance is 2.25 times 1.6 r. In row 4, the total distance covered is 51 miles.

By looking at the diagram, we can see that the sum of the distance running and the distance biking is 255 miles.


Translate to an equation.
Solve this equation.
Check. $\begin{matrix} Run & 10 mph (1.5 hours) & = & 15 mi \\ Bike & 16 mph (2.25 hours) & = & \underset{——}{36 mi} \\ 51 mi \end{matrix}$

Try It 2.93

Hamilton loves to travel to Las Vegas, 255 miles from his home in Orange County. On his last trip, he left his house at 2:00 p.m. The first part of his trip was on congested city freeways. At 4:00 pm, the traffic cleared and he was able to drive through the desert at a speed 1.75 times faster than when he drove in the congested area. He arrived in Las Vegas at 6:30 p.m. How fast was he driving during each part of his trip?

Try It 2.94

Phuong left home on his bicycle at 10:00. He rode on the flat street until 11:15, then rode uphill until 11:45. He rode a total of 31 miles. His speed riding uphill was 0.6 times his speed on the flat street. Find his speed biking uphill and on the flat street.

Section 2.4 Exercises

Practice Makes Perfect

Solve Coin Word Problems

In the following exercises, solve each coin word problem.

243.

Michaela has $2.05 in dimes and nickels in her change purse. She has seven more dimes than nickels. How many coins of each type does she have?

244.

Liliana has $2.10 in nickels and quarters in her backpack. She has 12 more nickels than quarters. How many coins of each type does she have?

245.

In a cash drawer there is $125 in $5 and $10 bills. The number of $10 bills is twice the number of $5 bills. How many of each type of bill is in the drawer?

246.

Sumanta has $175 in $5 and $10 bills in his drawer. The number of $5 bills is three times the number of $10 bills. How many of each are in the drawer?

247.

Chi has $11.30 in dimes and quarters. The number of dimes is three more than three times the number of quarters. How many of each are there?

248.

Alison has $9.70 in dimes and quarters. The number of quarters is eight more than four times the number of dimes. How many of each coin does she have?

249.

Mukul has $3.75 in quarters, dimes and nickels in his pocket. He has five more dimes than quarters and nine more nickels than quarters. How many of each coin are in his pocket?

250.

Vina has $4.70 in quarters, dimes and nickels in her purse. She has eight more dimes than quarters and six more nickels than quarters. How many of each coin are in her purse?

Solve Ticket and Stamp Word Problems

In the following exercises, solve each ticket or stamp word problem.

251.

The first day of a water polo tournament the total value of tickets sold was $17,610. One-day passes sold for $20 and tournament passes sold for $30. The number of tournament passes sold was 37 more than the number of day passes sold. How many day passes and how many tournament passes were sold?

252.

At the movie theater, the total value of tickets sold was $2,612.50. Adult tickets sold for $10 each and senior/child tickets sold for $7.50 each. The number of senior/child tickets sold was 25 less than twice the number of adult tickets sold. How many senior/child tickets and how many adult tickets were sold?

253.

Julie went to the post office and bought both $0.41 stamps and $0.26 postcards. She spent $51.40. The number of stamps was 20 more than twice the number of postcards. How many of each did she buy?

254.

Jason went to the post office and bought both $0.41 stamps and $0.26 postcards and spent $10.28 The number of stamps was four more than twice the number of postcards. How many of each did he buy?

255.

Hilda has $210 worth of $10 and $12 stock shares. The number of $10 shares is five more than twice the number of $12 shares. How many of each type of share does she have?

256.

Mario invested $475 in $45 and $25 stock shares. The number of $25 shares was five less than three times the number of $45 shares. How many of each type of share did he buy?

257.

The ice rink sold 95 tickets for the afternoon skating session, for a total of $828. General admission tickets cost $10 each and youth tickets cost $8 each. How many general admission tickets and how many youth tickets were sold?

258.

For the 7:30 show time, 140 movie tickets were sold. Receipts from the $13 adult tickets and the $10 senior tickets totaled $1,664. How many adult tickets and how many senior tickets were sold?

259.

The box office sold 360 tickets to a concert at the college. The total receipts were $4,170. General admission tickets cost $15 and student tickets cost $10. How many of each kind of ticket was sold?

260.

Last Saturday, the museum box office sold 281 tickets for a total of $3,954. Adult tickets cost $15 and student tickets cost $12. How many of each kind of ticket was sold?

Solve Mixture Word Problems

In the following exercises, solve each mixture word problem.

261.

Macario is making 12 pounds of nut mixture with macadamia nuts and almonds. Macadamia nuts cost $9 per pound and almonds cost $5.25 per pound. How many pounds of macadamia nuts and how many pounds of almonds should Macario use for the mixture to cost $6.50 per pound to make?

262.

Carmen wants to tile the floor of his house. He will need 1,000 square feet of tile. He will do most of the floor with a tile that costs $1.50 per square foot, but also wants to use an accent tile that costs $9.00 per square foot. How many square feet of each tile should he plan to use if he wants the overall cost to be $3 per square foot?

263.

Riley is planning to plant a lawn in his yard. He will need nine pounds of grass seed. He wants to mix Bermuda seed that costs $4.80 per pound with Fescue seed that costs $3.50 per pound. How much of each seed should he buy so that the overall cost will be $4.02 per pound?

264.

Vartan was paid $25,000 for a cell phone app that he wrote and wants to invest it to save for his son’s education. He wants to put some of the money into a bond that pays 4% annual interest and the rest into stocks that pay 9% annual interest. If he wants to earn 7.4% annual interest on the total amount, how much money should he invest in each account?

265.

Vern sold his 1964 Ford Mustang for $55,000 and wants to invest the money to earn him 5.8% interest per year. He will put some of the money into Fund A that earns 3% per year and the rest in Fund B that earns 10% per year. How much should he invest into each fund if he wants to earn 5.8% interest per year on the total amount?

266.

Dominic pays 7% interest on his $15,000 college loan and 12% interest on his $11,000 car loan. What average interest rate does he pay on the total $26,000 he owes? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.)

267.

Liam borrowed a total of $35,000 to pay for college. He pays his parents 3% interest on the $8,000 he borrowed from them and pays the bank 6.8% on the rest. What average interest rate does he pay on the total $35,000? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.)

Solve Uniform Motion Applications

In the following exercises, solve.

268.

Lilah is moving from Portland to Seattle. It takes her three hours to go by train. Mason leaves the train station in Portland and drives to the train station in Seattle with all Lilah’s boxes in his car. It takes him 2.4 hours to get to Seattle, driving at 15 miles per hour faster than the speed of the train. Find Mason’s speed and the speed of the train.

269.

Kathy and Cheryl are walking in a fundraiser. Kathy completes the course in 4.8 hours and Cheryl completes the course in eight hours. Kathy walks two miles per hour faster than Cheryl. Find Kathy’s speed and Cheryl’s speed.

270.

Two busses go from Sacramento to San Diego. The express bus makes the trip in 6.8 hours and the local bus takes 10.2 hours for the trip. The speed of the express bus is 25 mph faster than the speed of the local bus. Find the speed of both busses.

271.

A commercial jet and a private airplane fly from Denver to Phoenix. It takes the commercial jet 1.6 hours for the flight, and it takes the private airplane 2.6 hours. The speed of the commercial jet is 210 miles per hour faster than the speed of the private airplane. Find the speed of both airplanes to the nearest 10 mph.

272.

Saul drove his truck three hours from Dallas towards Kansas City and stopped at a truck stop to get dinner. At the truck stop he met Erwin, who had driven four hours from Kansas City towards Dallas. The distance between Dallas and Kansas City is 542 miles, and Erwin’s speed was eight miles per hour slower than Saul’s speed. Find the speed of the two truckers.

273.

Charlie and Violet met for lunch at a restaurant between Memphis and New Orleans. Charlie had left Memphis and drove 4.8 hours towards New Orleans. Violet had left New Orleans and drove two hours towards Memphis, at a speed 10 miles per hour faster than Charlie’s speed. The distance between Memphis and New Orleans is 394 miles. Find the speed of the two drivers.

274.

Sisters Helen and Anne live 332 miles apart. For Thanksgiving, they met at their other sister’s house partway between their homes. Helen drove 3.2 hours and Anne drove 2.8 hours. Helen’s average speed was four miles per hour faster than Anne’s. Find Helen’s average speed and Anne’s average speed.

275.

Ethan and Leo start riding their bikes at the opposite ends of a 65-mile bike path. After Ethan has ridden 1.5 hours and Leo has ridden two hours, they meet on the path. Ethan’s speed is six miles per hour faster than Leo’s speed. Find the speed of the two bikers.

276.

Elvira and Aletheia live 3.1 miles apart on the same street. They are in a study group that meets at a coffee shop between their houses. It took Elvira half an hour and Aletheia two-thirds of an hour to walk to the coffee shop. Aletheia’s speed is 0.6 miles per hour slower than Elvira’s speed. Find both women’s walking speeds.

277.

DaMarcus and Fabian live 23 miles apart and play soccer at a park between their homes. DaMarcus rode his bike for three-quarters of an hour and Fabian rode his bike for half an hour to get to the park. Fabian’s speed was six miles per hour faster than DaMarcus’ speed. Find the speed of both soccer players.

278.

Cindy and Richard leave their dorm in Charleston at the same time. Cindy rides her bicycle north at a speed of 18 miles per hour. Richard rides his bicycle south at a speed of 14 miles per hour. How long will it take them to be 96 miles apart?

279.

Matt and Chris leave their uncle’s house in Phoenix at the same time. Matt drives west on I-60 at a speed of 76 miles per hour. Chris drives east on I-60 at a speed of 82 miles per hour. How many hours will it take them to be 632 miles apart?

280.

Two busses leave Billings at the same time. The Seattle bus heads west on I-90 at a speed of 73 miles per hour while the Chicago bus heads east at a speed of 79 miles an hour. How many hours will it take them to be 532 miles apart?

281.

Two boats leave the same dock in Cairo at the same time. One heads north on the Mississippi River while the other heads south. The northbound boat travels four miles per hour. The southbound boat goes eight miles per hour. How long will it take them to be 54 miles apart?

282.

Lorena walks the path around the park in 30 minutes. If she jogs, it takes her 20 minutes. Her jogging speed is 1.5 miles per hour faster than her walking speed. Find Lorena’s walking speed and jogging speed.

283.

Julian rides his bike uphill for 45 minutes, then turns around and rides back downhill. It takes him 15 minutes to get back to where he started. His uphill speed is 3.2 miles per hour slower than his downhill speed. Find Julian’s uphill and downhill speed.

284.

Cassius drives his boat upstream for 45 minutes. It takes him 30 minutes to return downstream. His speed going upstream is three miles per hour slower than his speed going downstream. Find his upstream and downstream speeds.

285.

It takes Darline 20 minutes to drive to work in light traffic. To come home, when there is heavy traffic, it takes her 36 minutes. Her speed in light traffic is 24 miles per hour faster than her speed in heavy traffic. Find her speed in light traffic and in heavy traffic.

286.

At 1:30, Marlon left his house to go to the beach, a distance of 7.6 miles. He rode his skateboard until 2:15, and then walked the rest of the way. He arrived at the beach at 3:00. Marlon’s speed on his skateboard is 2.5 times his walking speed. Find his speed when skateboarding and when walking.

287.

Aaron left at 9:15 to drive to his mountain cabin 108 miles away. He drove on the freeway until 10:45 and then drove on a mountain road. He arrived at 11:05. His speed on the freeway was three times his speed on the mountain road. Find Aaron’s speed on the freeway and on the mountain road.

288.

Marisol left Los Angeles at 2:30 to drive to Santa Barbara, a distance of 95 miles. The traffic was heavy until 3:20. She drove the rest of the way in very light traffic and arrived at 4:20. Her speed in heavy traffic was 40 miles per hour slower than her speed in light traffic. Find her speed in heavy traffic and in light traffic.

289.

Lizette is training for a marathon. At 7:00 she left her house and ran until 8:15 then she walked until 11:15. She covered a total distance of 19 miles. Her running speed was five miles per hour faster than her walking speed. Find her running and walking speeds.

Everyday Math

290.

John left his house in Irvine at 8:35 a.m. to drive to a meeting in Los Angeles, 45 miles away. He arrived at the meeting at 9:50 a.m.. At 5:30 p.m. he left the meeting and drove home. He arrived home at 7:18 p.m.

ⓐ What was his average speed on the drive from Irvine to Los Angeles?

ⓑ What was his average speed on the drive from Los Angeles to Irvine?

291.

Sarah wants to arrive at her friend’s wedding at 3:00. The distance from Sarah’s house to the wedding is 95 miles. Based on usual traffic patterns, Sarah predicts she can drive the first 15 miles at 60 miles per hour, the next 10 miles at 30 miles per hour, and the remainder of the drive at 70 miles per hour.

ⓐ How long will it take Sarah to drive the first 15 miles?

ⓑ How long will it take Sarah to drive the next 10 miles?

ⓓ What time should Sarah leave her house?

Writing Exercises

292.

Suppose you have six quarters, nine dimes, and four pennies. Explain how you find the total value of all the coins.

293.

Do you find it helpful to use a table when solving coin problems? Why or why not?

294.

In the table used to solve coin problems, one column is labeled “number” and another column is labeled “value.” What is the difference between the “number” and the “value”?

295.

When solving a uniform motion problem, how does drawing a diagram of the situation help you?

Self Check

ⓐ After completing the exercises, use this checklist to evaluate your mastery of the objectives of this section.

This table has four columns and five rows. The first row is a header and it labels each column, “I can…”, “Confidently,” “With some help,” and “No-I don’t get it!” In row 2, the I can was solve coin word problems. In row 3, the I can was use formulas to solve ticket and stamp word problems. In row 4, the I can was solve mixture word problems. In row 5, the I can was solve uniform motion applications.

ⓑ On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate your mastery of this section in light of your responses on the checklist? How can you improve this?

2.4 Solve Mixture and Uniform Motion Applications

Solve Coin Word Problems

Solution

Solve coin word problems.

Solve Ticket and Stamp Word Problems

Solution

Solution

Solve Mixture Word Problems

Solution

Solve Uniform Motion Applications

Solve a uniform motion application.

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Section 2.4 Exercises

Practice Makes Perfect

Everyday Math

Writing Exercises

Self Check