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adversarial debiasing
process to ensure AI is not biased by training examples
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
trade agreement setting intellectual property rights standards for member nations
copyright law
legal protection granted to authors of original creative works, giving them exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, publicly display/perform, and make derivative works for a limited time
corporate social responsibility (CSR)
inherent recognition of the ethical relationship between a corporation and the larger social and environmental system that it inhabits
dark patterns
deceptive interfaces that nudge users toward harmful actions, such as buying overpriced products
data collaboration
process of pooling data from multiple sources
de-identification
technique for removing or obscuring personal identifiers in data to protect privacy while maintaining analytic utility
deontology
normative ethical theory that focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the consequences of those actions; follows the premise of the Golden Rule
DIKW pyramid
hierarchy used in information management and knowledge creation that represents an approach focused on the distinction between disparate elements; the base of the hierarchy is data, moving up through information and knowledge to its top point of wisdom
ethical consumption
being aware of the impact of consumption and making choices that prioritize longevity, repairability, and efficiency
ethics
values and principles that guide life decisions and experiences
explainability
ability to explain the rationale behind algorithmic predictions or automated decisions in intelligible ways to human users
fair use
legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner’s permission for purposes such as education or news reporting
Green IS
information systems practices designed to minimize ecological impacts through energy efficiency, renewable resourcing, and responsible waste disposal
human control
maintaining meaningful human oversight and authority over AI systems rather than allowing fully autonomous operation; this is especially critical for high-stakes functions
human-in-the-loop system
system that involves human contributions and feedback when interacting with AI
intellectual property law
area of law concerned with ideas, including technological concepts; it covers trademarks, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights
interoperability
ability of computer systems and software to exchange and make use of information through standardized formats and communication protocols
Lean IS
information systems practices focused on eliminating redundancies and waste to optimize system efficiency and productivity
minority oversampling
ensures balanced classes and sample sizes for AI training
multistakeholder collaboration
process of varied stakeholders working together to achieve common goals
open-source
in computing, the source code of a program open to everyone rather than being restricted via copyright
patent law
legal protection granted for a limited time to inventors of new, useful, and nonobvious products or processes, giving them rights to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention
patient agency
individual’s right to access their health records, direct how their data are used, and be informed of data-sharing practices under clear consent protocols
patient privacy
freedom from unauthorized access to and use of one’s personal health information; a right protected through data security and governance policies
sustainability
long-term viability of systems, considering their environmental, economic, and social impacts
sustainable consumption and production (SCP)
using and producing goods and services in a way that has the least negative impact on the environment
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
set of seventeen interconnected objectives established by the United Nations in 2015 to address global challenges and ensure a more sustainable future for humanity
Sustainable IS
holistic approach that considers the long-term impacts and viability of information systems, focusing on environmental, economic, and social implications
sustainable supply chain management (SSCM)
approach that seeks to infuse sustainability principles into the supply chain process
systems thinking
perspective emphasizing the interconnectedness of components within a whole, suggesting that the overall behavior of a system results from these interactions
trade dress
unique visual appearance of a product or its packaging
trade secret law
business information that derives value from being kept confidential, is subject to reasonable efforts to maintain secrecy, and gives a competitive advantage
trademark law
word, phrase, symbol, design, or combination thereof that identifies the source of a good or service and distinguishes it from others
utilitarianism
normative ethical theory holding that the morally correct course of action is the one that maximizes utility and happiness for the greatest number of people
values alignment
using a shared set of values and goals approved by stakeholders to guide policies and procedures, such as AI development
virtue ethics
normative ethical approach emphasizing the embodiment of virtues and ideals as the path toward an ethical, flourishing life
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
UN agency that promotes IP protection and cooperation between nations to foster innovation and creativity
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