A
absorption spectrum
5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
abyssal zone
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
acellular
17.1 Viruses
Acid rain
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
Acids
2.2 Water
acoelomates
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
Actinopterygii
15.6 Vertebrates
action potential
16.6 Nervous System
activation energy
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
active immunity
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
active site
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Active transport
3.6 Active Transport
adaptation
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Adaptive immunity
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
adaptive radiation
11.4 Speciation
adhesion
2.2 Water
adrenal glands
16.4 Endocrine System
Age structure
19.3 The Human Population
algal bloom
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
alleles
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
Allopatric speciation
11.4 Speciation
allosteric inhibition
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
alternation of generations
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
alternative RNA splicing
9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
Amino acids
2.3 Biological Molecules
amniotes
15.6 Vertebrates
Amoebocytes
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
Amoebozoa
13.3 Protists
Amphibia
15.6 Vertebrates
ampullae of Lorenzini
15.6 Vertebrates
amygdala
16.6 Nervous System
amylase
16.2 Digestive System
anabolic
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
anaerobic
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
analogous structure
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
analogous structures
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
anaphase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
aneuploid
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
annealing
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
Annelida
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
anoxic
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Anthophyta
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Anthropoids
15.6 Vertebrates
antibody
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
antigen
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
antigen-presenting cell (APC)
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Anura
15.6 Vertebrates
apex consumers
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
aphotic zone
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
apical meristem
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Apoda
15.6 Vertebrates
apoptosis
17.1 Viruses
appendicular skeleton
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
applied science
1.2 The Process of Science
Archaeplastida
13.3 Protists
Arctic tundra
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Arthropoda
15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
Ascomycota
13.4 Fungi
Asexual reproduction
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
Asymmetrical
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
atomic number
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
ATP
4.2 Glycolysis
ATP synthase
4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
attenuation
17.1 Viruses
auditory ossicles
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
autoantibody
17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
Autoimmunity
17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
autonomic nervous system
16.6 Nervous System
autosomes
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
autotroph
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
autotrophs
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
axial skeleton
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
axon
16.6 Nervous System
B
B cells
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Basal angiosperms
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
basal ganglia
16.6 Nervous System
bases
2.2 Water
Basic science
1.2 The Process of Science
Basidiomycota
13.4 Fungi
benthic realm
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
bicuspid valve
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Bilateral symmetry
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
binary fission
6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
binomial nomenclature
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
biodiversity
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
biodiversity hotspot
21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
bioenergetics
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
biofilm
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
biogeochemical cycle
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
Biomagnification
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
biomarker
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
bioremediation
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
biosphere
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Biotechnology
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
birth rate
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Black Death
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
blastocyst
18.2 Development and Organogenesis
body plan
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
bolus
16.2 Digestive System
bones
15.6 Vertebrates
boreal forest
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
bottleneck effect
11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
botulism
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
brachiation
15.6 Vertebrates
brainstem
16.6 Nervous System
branch point
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
bronchioles
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Buffers
2.2 Water
bulbourethral gland
18.3 Human Reproduction
Bush meat
21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
C
Caecilians
15.6 Vertebrates
Calvin cycle
5.3 The Calvin Cycle
canopy
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
capillaries
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
capsid
17.1 Viruses
capsule
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Carbohydrates
2.3 Biological Molecules
carbon fixation
5.3 The Calvin Cycle
cardiac cycle
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Cardiac muscle tissue
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
carrying capacity
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Cartilaginous joints
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
catabolic
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
cell cycle
6.2 The Cell Cycle
cell cycle checkpoints
6.2 The Cell Cycle
cell plate
6.2 The Cell Cycle
cell wall
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cell-mediated immune response
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Cellulose
2.3 Biological Molecules
central nervous system (CNS)
16.6 Nervous System
central vacuole
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
centrioles
6.2 The Cell Cycle
Cephalochordata
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
cephalothorax
15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
cerebellum
16.6 Nervous System
cerebral cortex
16.6 Nervous System
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
16.6 Nervous System
chaetae
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
channel
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
chaparral
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
chelicerae
15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
chemical bonds
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
chemical diversity
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
chemiosmosis
4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
chemoautotrophs
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
chiasmata
7.2 Meiosis
chlorophyll
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
chlorophyll a
5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
chlorophyll b
5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
chloroplast
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
choanocyte
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
Chondrichthyes
15.6 Vertebrates
Chordata
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
Chromalveolata
13.3 Protists
chromatin
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
chromosome
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
chromosome inversion
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
chyme
16.2 Digestive System
chytridiomycosis
21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chytridiomycota
13.4 Fungi
cilia
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
citric acid cycle
4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
cladistics
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
cleavage furrow
6.2 The Cell Cycle
climax community
19.4 Community Ecology
clitellum
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
clitoris
18.3 Human Reproduction
closed circulatory system
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
club mosses
14.2 Seedless Plants
Cnidaria
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
cnidocytes
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
codominance
8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
codon
9.4 Translation
cohesion
2.2 Water
colon
16.2 Digestive System
commensalism
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
community
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
competitive exclusion principle
19.4 Community Ecology
competitive inhibition
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
complement system
17.2 Innate Immunity
complete digestive system
15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
concentration gradient
3.5 Passive Transport
Conifers
14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
conjugation
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Continuous variation
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
control
1.2 The Process of Science
convergent evolution
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Coral reefs
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
corolla
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
corpus callosum
16.6 Nervous System
corpus luteum
18.3 Human Reproduction
cotyledons
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
covalent bond
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
craniates
15.6 Vertebrates
Crocodilia
15.6 Vertebrates
crossing over
7.2 Meiosis
cryptofauna
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
ctenidia
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
cutaneous respiration
15.6 Vertebrates
cyanobacteria
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
cytokine
17.2 Innate Immunity
Cytokinesis
6.2 The Cell Cycle
cytopathic
17.1 Viruses
cytoplasm
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cytoskeleton
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cytosol
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
D
dead zone
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
death rate
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Deductive reasoning
1.2 The Process of Science
demography
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
denaturation
2.3 Biological Molecules
Dendrites
16.6 Nervous System
dendritic cell
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
density-dependent
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
density-independent
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2.3 Biological Molecules
deoxyribose
9.1 The Structure of DNA
depolarization
16.6 Nervous System
Descriptive
1.2 The Process of Science
desmosomes
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
detrital food web
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
Deuterostomes
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
diaphragm
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Diffusion
3.5 Passive Transport
dihybrid
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
diphyodonts
15.6 Vertebrates
diploblasts
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
diploid
6.1 The Genome
diploid-dominant
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
Diplontic
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Disaccharides
2.3 Biological Molecules
discontinuous variation
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
dispersal
11.4 Speciation
divergent evolution
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
DNA ligase
9.2 DNA Replication
DNA polymerase
9.2 DNA Replication
domains
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Dominant
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
dorsal hollow nerve cord
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
double helix
9.1 The Structure of DNA
down feathers
15.6 Vertebrates
down-regulation
16.4 Endocrine System
E
Echinodermata
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
ecosystem diversity
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
ecosystem services
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
ectotherms
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
effector cells
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
electrocardiogram (ECG)
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
electrochemical gradient
3.6 Active Transport
electromagnetic spectrum
5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
electron
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
electron transfer
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
electron transport chain
4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
elements
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Emergent vegetation
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
Endemic species
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
endergonic reactions
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
endocrine glands
16.4 Endocrine System
Endocytosis
3.6 Active Transport
endomembrane system
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
endosymbiotic theory
13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
endotherm
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
environmental disturbances
19.4 Community Ecology
epidemics
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
epidermis
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
epigenetic
9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
Equilibrium
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
esophagus
16.2 Digestive System
essential nutrients
16.2 Digestive System
estrogen
18.3 Human Reproduction
Estuaries
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
eucoelomates
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
eudicots
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
eukaryotes
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
eukaryotic cell
3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
euploid
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
Eutherian mammals
15.6 Vertebrates
eutrophication
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
evaporation
2.2 Water
evolution
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Excavata
13.3 Protists
exergonic reactions
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Exocrine glands
16.4 Endocrine System
Exocytosis
3.6 Active Transport
exons
9.3 Transcription
Exotic species
21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
exponential growth
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
external fertilization
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
extinction
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
extinction rates
21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
extracellular digestion
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
extracellular matrix
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
extremophiles
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
F
facilitated transport
3.5 Passive Transport
fallout
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
falsifiable
1.2 The Process of Science
Feedback inhibition
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
fermentation
4.4 Fermentation
ferns
14.2 Seedless Plants
fertilization
7.2 Meiosis
fibrous joints
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
filament
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Fission
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
Flagella
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
fluid mosaic model
3.4 The Cell Membrane
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
18.3 Human Reproduction
food chain
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
food web
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
foodborne disease
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Foundation species
19.4 Community Ecology
founder effect
11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
Frogs
15.6 Vertebrates
frontal lobe
16.6 Nervous System
G
G0 phase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
G1 phase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
G2 phase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
gallbladder
16.2 Digestive System
gametangia
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
gametes
6.1 The Genome
gametophyte
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
gametophytes
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
Gap junctions
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
gastrodermis
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
gastrovascular cavity
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
gastrulation
18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Gel electrophoresis
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
gemmules
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
gene expression
9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
gene flow
11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
gene pool
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Gene therapy
10.2 Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
genes
6.1 The Genome
genetic code
9.4 Translation
Genetic diversity
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
genetic drift
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
genetic engineering
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
genetic map
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
genetically modified organism
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
genome
6.1 The Genome
genomics
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
genotype
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
germ cells
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
germ layers
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
gestation
18.3 Human Reproduction
gestation period
18.3 Human Reproduction
ginkgophyte
14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
glia
16.6 Nervous System
Glomeromycota
13.4 Fungi
Glycogen
2.3 Biological Molecules
Glycolysis
4.2 Glycolysis
glycoprotein
17.1 Viruses
Gnathostomes
15.6 Vertebrates
Gnetophytes
14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Golgi apparatus
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
18.3 Human Reproduction
Gram-negative
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Gram-positive
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
grazing food web
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
gross primary productivity
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
Gymnosperms
14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
gynoecium
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
H
habitat heterogeneity
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
Hagfishes
15.6 Vertebrates
haplodiplontic
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
haploid
6.1 The Genome
haploid-dominant
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
Haplontic
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
heat energy
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
helicase
9.2 DNA Replication
hemizygous
8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
herbaceous
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Hermaphroditism
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
heterodont teeth
15.6 Vertebrates
heterosporous
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Heterotrophs
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
heterozygous
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
hippocampus
16.6 Nervous System
Homeostasis
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
homologous chromosomes
6.1 The Genome
homologous structures
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
homosporous
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
homozygous
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
hormone receptors
16.4 Endocrine System
hornworts
14.2 Seedless Plants
Horsetails
14.2 Seedless Plants
human beta chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG)
18.3 Human Reproduction
humoral immune response
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
hybridizations
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
hydrogen bond
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
hydrophilic
2.2 Water
hydrophobic
2.2 Water
hydrosphere
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
hydrothermal vent
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
hyoid bone
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
hypersensitivity
17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
hypertonic
3.5 Passive Transport
hypha
13.4 Fungi
hypothalamus
16.6 Nervous System
hypothesis
1.2 The Process of Science
hypothesis-based science
1.2 The Process of Science
hypotonic
3.5 Passive Transport
I
immune tolerance
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Immunodeficiency
17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
incomplete dominance
8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Inductive reasoning
1.2 The Process of Science
inferior vena cava
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
inflammation
17.2 Innate Immunity
inheritance of acquired characteristics
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
inhibin
18.3 Human Reproduction
Innate immunity
17.2 Innate Immunity
inner cell mass
18.2 Development and Organogenesis
interferon
17.2 Innate Immunity
interkinesis
7.2 Meiosis
internal fertilization
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
interphase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
interstitial cells of Leydig
18.3 Human Reproduction
interstitial fluid
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
intertidal zone
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
intracellular
16.4 Endocrine System
intracellular digestion
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
intraspecific competition
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
introns
9.3 Transcription
ionic bond
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Island biogeography
19.4 Community Ecology
isotonic
3.5 Passive Transport
Isotopes
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
K
K-selected species
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
karyogram
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
karyotype
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
keystone species
19.4 Community Ecology
kinetic energy
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
kinetochore
6.2 The Cell Cycle
kingdom
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
L
labia majora
18.3 Human Reproduction
labia minora
18.3 Human Reproduction
lagging strand
9.2 DNA Replication
Lampreys
15.6 Vertebrates
Lancelets
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
large intestine
16.2 Digestive System
lateral
15.6 Vertebrates
law of dominance
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
law of independent assortment
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
law of segregation
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
leading strand
9.2 DNA Replication
Lichens
13.4 Fungi
life cycles
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
life sciences
1.2 The Process of Science
life tables
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
light-dependent reactions
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
limbic system
16.6 Nervous System
line
15.6 Vertebrates
Lipids
2.3 Biological Molecules
litmus
2.2 Water
liver
16.2 Digestive System
Liverworts
14.2 Seedless Plants
locus
6.1 The Genome
logistic growth
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Lophotrochozoa
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
luteinizing hormone (LH)
18.3 Human Reproduction
Lymph
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
lymphocyte
17.2 Innate Immunity
lysosomes
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
M
macroevolution
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
macrophage
17.2 Innate Immunity
madreporite
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules
17.2 Innate Immunity
Mammals
15.6 Vertebrates
Mammary glands
15.6 Vertebrates
mantle
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
mark and recapture
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
Marsupials
15.6 Vertebrates
mass number
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Mast cells
17.2 Innate Immunity
maximum parsimony
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
medusa
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
megasporocyte
14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
meiosis
7.1 Sexual Reproduction
meiosis I
7.2 Meiosis
Meiosis II
7.2 Meiosis
memory cell
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
meninges
16.6 Nervous System
menstrual cycle
18.3 Human Reproduction
mesoglea
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
mesohyl
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
mesophyll
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
metabolism
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Metagenomics
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
metamerism
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
metaphase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
metaphase plate
6.2 The Cell Cycle
MHC class II molecule
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
microbial mat
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
microevolution
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
microscope
3.1 How Cells Are Studied
microsporocytes
14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
migration
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
mimicry
19.4 Community Ecology
Minerals
16.2 Digestive System
mismatch repair
9.2 DNA Replication
Mitochondria
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
mitosis
6.2 The Cell Cycle
model organisms
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
model system
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
modern synthesis
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
molds
13.4 Fungi
molecular systematics
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
molecule
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Mollusca
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
monocots
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
monocyte
17.2 Innate Immunity
monoecious
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
monohybrid
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
monophyletic group
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
Monosaccharides
2.3 Biological Molecules
monosomy
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
monotremes
15.6 Vertebrates
mortality rate
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
mosses
14.2 Seedless Plants
mRNA
9.3 Transcription
mutation
9.2 DNA Replication
mutualism
19.4 Community Ecology
mycelium
13.4 Fungi
Mycorrhiza
13.4 Fungi
mycoses
13.4 Fungi
myelin sheath
16.6 Nervous System
myofibrils
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
myofilaments
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Myxini
15.6 Vertebrates
N
nasal cavity
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
natural killer (NK) cell
17.2 Innate Immunity
natural sciences
1.2 The Process of Science
Natural selection
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
nematocysts
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
nephrons
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
neritic zone
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
Net primary productivity
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
neurons
16.6 Nervous System
Neutrons
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
neutrophil
17.2 Innate Immunity
nitrogenous base
9.1 The Structure of DNA
non-renewable resource
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
noncompetitive inhibition
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
nondisjunction
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
Nonpolar covalent bonds
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
nontemplate strand
9.3 Transcription
nonvascular plants
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
notochord
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
nuclear envelope
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
nucleic acids
2.3 Biological Molecules
nucleolus
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
nucleotide excision repair
9.2 DNA Replication
nucleotides
2.3 Biological Molecules
O
occipital lobe
16.6 Nervous System
oceanic zone
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
octet rule
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Okazaki fragments
9.2 DNA Replication
oncogenes
6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
one-child policy
19.3 The Human Population
oogenesis
18.3 Human Reproduction
Open circulatory systems
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Opisthokonta
13.3 Protists
oral cavity
16.2 Digestive System
organ system
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Organisms
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
organogenesis
18.2 Development and Organogenesis
osculum
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
osmolarity
3.5 Passive Transport
Osmoregulation
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
Osmosis
3.5 Passive Transport
osmotic balance
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
Osteichthyes
15.6 Vertebrates
ostracoderms
15.6 Vertebrates
ovarian cycle
18.3 Human Reproduction
oviducts
18.3 Human Reproduction
oviparity
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
ovoviparity
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
ovulation
18.3 Human Reproduction
oxidative phosphorylation
4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
P
pandemics
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
paper
2.2 Water
parasite
19.4 Community Ecology
parasites
13.3 Protists
parasympathetic nervous system
16.6 Nervous System
parathyroid glands
16.4 Endocrine System
parietal lobe
16.6 Nervous System
Parthenogenesis
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
passive immune
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Passive transport
3.5 Passive Transport
pathogen
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
pectoral girdle
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Peer-reviewed articles
1.2 The Process of Science
pelagic realm
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
pellicles
13.3 Protists
pelvic girdle
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
penis
18.3 Human Reproduction
pepsin
16.2 Digestive System
peptidoglycan
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
periodic table of elements
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
16.6 Nervous System
peristalsis
16.2 Digestive System
permafrost
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Peroxisomes
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Petromyzontidae
15.6 Vertebrates
pH scale
2.2 Water
Phagocytosis
3.6 Active Transport
Pharmacogenomics
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
Pharyngeal slits
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
phase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
phenotype
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
phloem
14.2 Seedless Plants
phosphate group
9.1 The Structure of DNA
Phospholipids
2.3 Biological Molecules
photic zone
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
phototrophs
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
phylogeny
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Physical maps
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
physical sciences
1.2 The Process of Science
pigment
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
pinocytosis
3.6 Active Transport
pioneer species
19.4 Community Ecology
pituitary gland
16.4 Endocrine System
placenta
18.3 Human Reproduction
planktivores
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
plasma membrane
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Plasmodesmata
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
plastid
13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
pneumatic
15.6 Vertebrates
polar covalent bond
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
polypeptide
2.3 Biological Molecules
polyploid
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
polysaccharide
2.3 Biological Molecules
population
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
population density
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
population genetics
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
population size
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
Porifera
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
post-anal tail
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
post-transcriptional
9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
post-translational
9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
potential energy
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
primary bronchi
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
primary consumers
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
primary immune response
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
primary succession
19.4 Community Ecology
Primates
15.6 Vertebrates
primer
9.2 DNA Replication
producers
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
progesterone
18.3 Human Reproduction
Prokaryotes
1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
prokaryotic cell
3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
prometaphase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
promoter
9.3 Transcription
prophase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
Prosimians
15.6 Vertebrates
prostate gland
18.3 Human Reproduction
protein signature
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
Proteins
2.3 Biological Molecules
proteomics
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
proto-oncogenes
6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
Protostomes
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
pseudocoelomates
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
pseudopeptidoglycan
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
pulmonary circulation
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Punnett square
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
R
r-selected species
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
radial symmetry
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
radioactive isotopes
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
radula
15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
receptor-mediated endocytosis
3.6 Active Transport
Recessive
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
reciprocal cross
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
recombinant
7.2 Meiosis
recombinant DNA
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
recombinant proteins
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
recombination
8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
rectum
16.2 Digestive System
reduction division
7.2 Meiosis
Relative species abundance
19.4 Community Ecology
renal artery
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
renal vein
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
replication forks
9.2 DNA Replication
Reproductive cloning
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
resilience
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
resistance
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
restriction enzymes
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
reverse genetics
10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
Rhizaria
13.3 Protists
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
2.3 Biological Molecules
Ribosomes
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
RNA polymerase
9.3 Transcription
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
rRNA
9.4 Translation
S
S phase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
S-shaped curve
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
salamanders
15.6 Vertebrates
salivary glands
16.2 Digestive System
saprobes
13.3 Protists
sarcolemma
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
sarcomere
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Sarcopterygii
15.6 Vertebrates
Saturated fatty acids
2.3 Biological Molecules
Savannas
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
scientific laws
1.2 The Process of Science
scientific method
1.2 The Process of Science
scientific theory
1.2 The Process of Science
scrotum
18.3 Human Reproduction
Sebaceous glands
15.6 Vertebrates
Secondary consumers
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
secondary immune response
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
secondary plant compounds
21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
secondary succession
19.4 Community Ecology
selectively permeable
3.5 Passive Transport
Semen
18.3 Human Reproduction
semiconservative replication
9.2 DNA Replication
seminal vesicles
18.3 Human Reproduction
seminiferous tubules
18.3 Human Reproduction
sensory-somatic nervous system
16.6 Nervous System
Sertoli cells
18.3 Human Reproduction
set point
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
sex determination
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
sexual reproduction
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
shared ancestral character
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
shared derived character
12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
sister taxa
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Skeletal muscle tissue
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
small intestine
16.2 Digestive System
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Smooth muscle tissue
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
solute
3.5 Passive Transport
solvent
2.2 Water
somatic cell
7.2 Meiosis
source water
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
speciation
11.4 Speciation
species
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
species distribution pattern
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
Species richness
19.4 Community Ecology
species-area relationship
21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
spermatogenesis
18.3 Human Reproduction
Sphenodontia
15.6 Vertebrates
spicules
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
spindle
6.2 The Cell Cycle
splicing
9.3 Transcription
spongocoel
15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
sporangia
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
sporophylls
14.2 Seedless Plants
Squamata
15.6 Vertebrates
stamens
14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Starch
2.3 Biological Molecules
start codon
9.4 Translation
stereoscopic vision
15.6 Vertebrates
steroids
2.3 Biological Molecules
stomach
16.2 Digestive System
stomata
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
stop codons
9.4 Translation
Strobili
14.2 Seedless Plants
stromatolite
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
subduction
20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
substrates
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Subtropical deserts
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Sudoriferous glands
15.6 Vertebrates
superior vena cava
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
surface tension
2.2 Water
survivorship curve
19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
swim bladder
15.6 Vertebrates
sympathetic nervous system
16.6 Nervous System
Sympatric speciation
11.4 Speciation
synapses
16.6 Nervous System
synapsis
7.2 Meiosis
synaptic cleft
16.6 Nervous System
syngamy
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Synovial joints
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
systematics
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
systemic circulation
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
T
T cells
17.3 Adaptive Immunity
tadpole
15.6 Vertebrates
Taxonomy
12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
telomerase
9.2 DNA Replication
telomeres
9.2 DNA Replication
telophase
6.2 The Cell Cycle
Temperate forests
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Temperate grasslands
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Temperature
2.2 Water
template strand
9.3 Transcription
temporal lobe
16.6 Nervous System
Tertiary consumers
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
test cross
8.2 Laws of Inheritance
testes
18.3 Human Reproduction
Testosterone
18.3 Human Reproduction
Testudines
15.6 Vertebrates
tetrads
7.2 Meiosis
Tetrapod
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
thalamus
16.6 Nervous System
thallus
13.4 Fungi
Thermodynamics
4.1 Energy and Metabolism
thoracic cage
16.5 Musculoskeletal System
threshold of excitation
16.6 Nervous System
thylakoids
5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
thymus
16.4 Endocrine System
thyroid gland
16.4 Endocrine System
tight junction
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Tonicity
3.5 Passive Transport
tragedy of the commons
21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
trait
8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
trans-fat
2.3 Biological Molecules
transcription bubble
9.3 Transcription
transduction
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
transformation
13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
translocations
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
tricuspid valve
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
triglycerides
2.3 Biological Molecules
triploblasts
15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
trisomy
7.3 Variations in Meiosis
tRNAs
9.4 Translation
trophic level
20.1 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
trophoblast
18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Tropical rainforests
20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Tumor suppressor genes
6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
tunicates
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
U
unified cell theory
3.1 How Cells Are Studied
unsaturated fatty acid
2.3 Biological Molecules
up-regulation
16.4 Endocrine System
urinary bladder
16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
Urochordata
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
Urodela
15.6 Vertebrates
uterus
18.3 Human Reproduction
V
vaccine
17.1 Viruses
vacuoles
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
vagina
18.3 Human Reproduction
van der Waals interactions
2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
variable
1.2 The Process of Science
variation
11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Vascular plants
14.1 The Plant Kingdom
ventricle
16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Vesicles
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
vestigial structures
11.3 Evidence of Evolution
vicariance
11.4 Speciation
viral envelope
17.1 Viruses
virion
17.1 Viruses
Vitamins
16.2 Digestive System
viviparity
18.1 How Animals Reproduce
W
water vascular system
15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
Wetlands
20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
whisk ferns
14.2 Seedless Plants
white blood cell
17.2 Innate Immunity
white-nose syndrome
21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Whole genome sequencing
10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
Y
yeasts
13.4 Fungi
Z
zero population growth
19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
zona pellucida
18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Zygomycota
13.4 Fungi