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Concepts of Biology

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Concepts of BiologyIndex
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  1. Preface
  2. Unit 1. The Cellular Foundation of Life
    1. 1 Introduction to Biology
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
      3. 1.2 The Process of Science
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Visual Connection Questions
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 2 Chemistry of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
      3. 2.2 Water
      4. 2.3 Biological Molecules
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 3 Cell Structure and Function
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 How Cells Are Studied
      3. 3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
      4. 3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
      5. 3.4 The Cell Membrane
      6. 3.5 Passive Transport
      7. 3.6 Active Transport
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Visual Connection Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 4 How Cells Obtain Energy
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 Energy and Metabolism
      3. 4.2 Glycolysis
      4. 4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
      5. 4.4 Fermentation
      6. 4.5 Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Visual Connection Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 5 Photosynthesis
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
      3. 5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
      4. 5.3 The Calvin Cycle
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  3. Unit 2. Cell Division and Genetics
    1. 6 Reproduction at the Cellular Level
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 The Genome
      3. 6.2 The Cell Cycle
      4. 6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
      5. 6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 7 The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Sexual Reproduction
      3. 7.2 Meiosis
      4. 7.3 Errors in Meiosis
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 8 Patterns of Inheritance
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
      3. 8.2 Laws of Inheritance
      4. 8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  4. Unit 3. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
    1. 9 Molecular Biology
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 The Structure of DNA
      3. 9.2 DNA Replication
      4. 9.3 Transcription
      5. 9.4 Translation
      6. 9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Visual Connection Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 10 Biotechnology
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
      3. 10.2 Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
      4. 10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  5. Unit 4. Evolution and the Diversity of Life
    1. 11 Evolution and Its Processes
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
      3. 11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
      4. 11.3 Evidence of Evolution
      5. 11.4 Speciation
      6. 11.5 Common Misconceptions about Evolution
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Visual Connection Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 12 Diversity of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
      3. 12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Visual Connection Questions
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 13 Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Protists
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
      3. 13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
      4. 13.3 Protists
      5. 13.4 Fungi
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 14 Diversity of Plants
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 The Plant Kingdom
      3. 14.2 Seedless Plants
      4. 14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
      5. 14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 15 Diversity of Animals
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
      3. 15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
      4. 15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
      5. 15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
      6. 15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
      7. 15.6 Vertebrates
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Visual Connection Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
  6. Unit 5. Animal Structure and Function
    1. 16 The Body’s Systems
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
      3. 16.2 Digestive System
      4. 16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
      5. 16.4 Endocrine System
      6. 16.5 Musculoskeletal System
      7. 16.6 Nervous System
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Visual Connection Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 17 The Immune System and Disease
      1. Introduction
      2. 17.1 Viruses
      3. 17.2 Innate Immunity
      4. 17.3 Adaptive Immunity
      5. 17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 18 Animal Reproduction and Development
      1. Introduction
      2. 18.1 How Animals Reproduce
      3. 18.2 Development and Organogenesis
      4. 18.3 Human Reproduction
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  7. Unit 6. Ecology
    1. 19 Population and Community Ecology
      1. Introduction
      2. 19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
      3. 19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
      4. 19.3 The Human Population
      5. 19.4 Community Ecology
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 20 Ecosystems and the Biosphere
      1. Introduction
      2. 20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
      3. 20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
      4. 20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
      5. 20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 21 Conservation and Biodiversity
      1. Introduction
      2. 21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
      3. 21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
      4. 21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  8. A | The Periodic Table of Elements
  9. B | Geological Time
  10. C | Measurements and the Metric System
  11. Index
A
absorption spectrum5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
abyssal zone20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
acellular17.1 Viruses
acetyl CoA4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Acid rain20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
Acids2.2 Water
acoelomates15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
Actinopterygii15.6 Vertebrates
action potential16.6 Nervous System
activation energy4.1 Energy and Metabolism
active immunity17.3 Adaptive Immunity
active site4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Active transport3.6 Active Transport
adaptation11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Adaptive immunity17.3 Adaptive Immunity
adaptive radiation11.4 Speciation
adhesion2.2 Water
adrenal glands16.4 Endocrine System
Age structure19.3 The Human Population
algal bloom20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
alleles8.2 Laws of Inheritance
allergy17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
Allopatric speciation11.4 Speciation
allosteric inhibition4.1 Energy and Metabolism
alternation of generations7.1 Sexual Reproduction
alternative RNA splicing9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
alveoli16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Amino acids2.3 Biological Molecules
amniotes15.6 Vertebrates
Amoebocytes15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
Amoebozoa13.3 Protists
Amphibia15.6 Vertebrates
ampullae of Lorenzini15.6 Vertebrates
amygdala16.6 Nervous System
amylase16.2 Digestive System
anabolic4.1 Energy and Metabolism
anaerobic13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
analogous structure12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
analogous structures11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
anaphase6.2 The Cell Cycle
aneuploid7.3 Errors in Meiosis
anions2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
annealing10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
Annelida15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
anoxic13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
anther14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Anthophyta14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Anthropoids15.6 Vertebrates
antibody17.3 Adaptive Immunity
antigen17.3 Adaptive Immunity
antigen-presenting cell (APC)17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Anura15.6 Vertebrates
anus16.2 Digestive System
aorta16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
apex consumers20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
aphotic zone20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
apical meristem14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Apoda15.6 Vertebrates
apoptosis17.1 Viruses
appendicular skeleton16.5 Musculoskeletal System
applied science1.2 The Process of Science
Archaeplastida13.3 Protists
Arctic tundra20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Arteries16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Arthropoda15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
Ascomycota13.4 Fungi
Asexual reproduction18.1 How Animals Reproduce
Asymmetrical15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
atom1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
atomic number2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
ATP4.2 Glycolysis
ATP synthase4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
atrium16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
attenuation17.1 Viruses
auditory ossicles16.5 Musculoskeletal System
autoantibody17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
Autoimmunity17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
autonomic nervous system16.6 Nervous System
autosomes7.3 Errors in Meiosis
autotroph5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
autotrophs20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
axial skeleton16.5 Musculoskeletal System
axon16.6 Nervous System
B
B cells17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Basal angiosperms14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
basal ganglia16.6 Nervous System
bases2.2 Water
Basic science1.2 The Process of Science
Basidiomycota13.4 Fungi
benthic realm20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
bicuspid valve16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Bilateral symmetry15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
Bile16.2 Digestive System
binary fission6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
binomial nomenclature12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
biodiversity21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
biodiversity hotspot21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
bioenergetics4.1 Energy and Metabolism
biofilm13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
biogeochemical cycle20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
Biology1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Biomagnification20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
biomarker10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
biome20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
bioremediation13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
biosphere1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Biotechnology10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
birth rate19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Black Death13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
blastocyst18.2 Development and Organogenesis
body plan15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
bolus16.2 Digestive System
bones15.6 Vertebrates
boreal forest20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
bottleneck effect11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
botulism13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
brachiation15.6 Vertebrates
brainstem16.6 Nervous System
branch point12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
bronchi16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
bronchioles16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
budding15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians, 18.1 How Animals Reproduce
Buffers2.2 Water
bulbourethral gland18.3 Human Reproduction
Bush meat21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
C
Caecilians15.6 Vertebrates
Calvin cycle5.3 The Calvin Cycle
calyx14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
canopy20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
capillaries16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
capsid17.1 Viruses
capsule13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Carbohydrates2.3 Biological Molecules
carbon fixation5.3 The Calvin Cycle
cardiac cycle16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Cardiac muscle tissue16.5 Musculoskeletal System
carpel14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
carrying capacity19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Cartilaginous joints16.5 Musculoskeletal System
catabolic4.1 Energy and Metabolism
cations2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
cell1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
cell cycle6.2 The Cell Cycle
cell cycle checkpoints6.2 The Cell Cycle
cell plate6.2 The Cell Cycle
cell wall3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cell-mediated immune response17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Cellulose2.3 Biological Molecules
central nervous system (CNS)16.6 Nervous System
central vacuole3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
centrioles6.2 The Cell Cycle
Cephalochordata15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
cephalothorax15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
cerebellum16.6 Nervous System
cerebral cortex16.6 Nervous System
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)16.6 Nervous System
chaetae15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
channel20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
chaparral20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
chelicerae15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
chemical bonds2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
chemical diversity21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
chemiosmosis4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
chemoautotrophs20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
chiasmata7.2 Meiosis
chitin2.3 Biological Molecules, 15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
chlorophyll5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
chlorophyll a5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
chlorophyll b5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
chloroplast5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
choanocyte15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
Chondrichthyes15.6 Vertebrates
Chordata15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
Chromalveolata13.3 Protists
chromosome inversion7.3 Errors in Meiosis
chyme16.2 Digestive System
chytridiomycosis21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chytridiomycota13.4 Fungi
cilia3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
citric acid cycle4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
clades12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
cladistics12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
class12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
cleavage furrow6.2 The Cell Cycle
climax community19.4 Community Ecology
clitellum15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
clitoris18.3 Human Reproduction
cloning10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
closed circulatory system16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
club mosses14.2 Seedless Plants
Cnidaria15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
cnidocytes15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
codominance8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
codon9.4 Translation
coelom15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
cohesion2.2 Water
colon16.2 Digestive System
commensalism13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
community1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
competitive exclusion principle19.4 Community Ecology
competitive inhibition4.1 Energy and Metabolism
complement system17.2 Innate Immunity
complete digestive system15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
concentration gradient3.5 Passive Transport
cones14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Conifers14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
conjugation13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Continuous variation8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
control1.2 The Process of Science
convergent evolution11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Coral reefs20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
corolla14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
corpus callosum16.6 Nervous System
corpus luteum18.3 Human Reproduction
cotyledons14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
covalent bond2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
craniates15.6 Vertebrates
Crocodilia15.6 Vertebrates
crossing over7.2 Meiosis
cryptofauna20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
ctenidia15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
cutaneous respiration15.6 Vertebrates
cyanobacteria13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Cycads14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
cytokine17.2 Innate Immunity
Cytokinesis6.2 The Cell Cycle
cytopathic17.1 Viruses
cytoplasm3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cytoskeleton3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cytosol3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
D
dead zone20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
death rate19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Deductive reasoning1.2 The Process of Science
demography19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
denaturation2.3 Biological Molecules
Dendrites16.6 Nervous System
dendritic cell17.3 Adaptive Immunity
density-dependent19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
density-independent19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)2.3 Biological Molecules
deoxyribose9.1 The Structure of DNA
depolarization16.6 Nervous System
Descriptive1.2 The Process of Science
desmosomes3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
detrital food web20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
Deuterostomes15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
diaphragm16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
diastole16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
dicots14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Diffusion3.5 Passive Transport
dihybrid8.2 Laws of Inheritance
dioecious15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
diphyodonts15.6 Vertebrates
diploblasts15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
diploid6.1 The Genome
diploid-dominant7.1 Sexual Reproduction
Diplontic14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Disaccharides2.3 Biological Molecules
discontinuous variation8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
dispersal11.4 Speciation
divergent evolution11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
DNA ligase9.2 DNA Replication
DNA polymerase9.2 DNA Replication
domains12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Dominant8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
dorsal hollow nerve cord15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
double helix9.1 The Structure of DNA
down feathers15.6 Vertebrates
down-regulation16.4 Endocrine System
E
Echinodermata15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
ecosystem1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology, 20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
ecosystem diversity21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
ecosystem services20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
ectotherms16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
effector cells17.3 Adaptive Immunity
electrocardiogram (ECG)16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
electrochemical gradient3.6 Active Transport
electromagnetic spectrum5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
electron2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
electron transfer2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
electron transport chain4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
elements2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Emergent vegetation20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
Endemic species21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
endergonic reactions4.1 Energy and Metabolism
endocrine glands16.4 Endocrine System
Endocytosis3.6 Active Transport
endomembrane system3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
endosymbiotic theory13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
endotherm16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
environmental disturbances19.4 Community Ecology
Enzymes2.3 Biological Molecules, 4.1 Energy and Metabolism
epidemics13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
epidermis15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
epigenetic9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
epistasis8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Equilibrium20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
esophagus16.2 Digestive System
essential nutrients16.2 Digestive System
estrogen18.3 Human Reproduction
Estuaries20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
eucoelomates15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
eudicots14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
eukaryotes1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
eukaryotic cell3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
euploid7.3 Errors in Meiosis
Eutherian mammals15.6 Vertebrates
eutrophication20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
evaporation2.2 Water
evolution1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Excavata13.3 Protists
exergonic reactions4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Exocrine glands16.4 Endocrine System
Exocytosis3.6 Active Transport
exons9.3 Transcription
Exotic species21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
exponential growth19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
external fertilization18.1 How Animals Reproduce
extinction21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
extinction rates21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
extracellular digestion15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
extracellular matrix3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
extremophiles13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
F
F18.1 Mendel’s Experiments
F28.1 Mendel’s Experiments
facilitated transport3.5 Passive Transport
fallout20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
falsifiable1.2 The Process of Science
family12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
fat2.3 Biological Molecules
Feedback inhibition4.1 Energy and Metabolism
fermentation4.4 Fermentation
ferns14.2 Seedless Plants
fertilization7.2 Meiosis
fibrous joints16.5 Musculoskeletal System
filament14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Fission18.1 How Animals Reproduce
Flagella3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
fluid mosaic model3.4 The Cell Membrane
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)18.3 Human Reproduction
food chain20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
food web20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
foodborne disease13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Foundation species19.4 Community Ecology
founder effect11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
fragmentation15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians, 18.1 How Animals Reproduce
Frogs15.6 Vertebrates
frontal lobe16.6 Nervous System
FtsZ6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
G
G0 phase6.2 The Cell Cycle
G1 phase6.2 The Cell Cycle
G2 phase6.2 The Cell Cycle
gallbladder16.2 Digestive System
gametangia14.1 The Plant Kingdom
gametes6.1 The Genome
gametophyte14.1 The Plant Kingdom
gametophytes7.1 Sexual Reproduction
Gap junctions3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
gastrodermis15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
gastrovascular cavity15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
gastrulation18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Gel electrophoresis10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
gemmules15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
gene expression9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
gene flow11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
gene pool11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Gene therapy10.2 Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
genes6.1 The Genome
genetic code9.4 Translation
Genetic diversity21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
genetic drift11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
genetic engineering10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
genetic map10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
genetically modified organism10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
genome6.1 The Genome
genomics10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
genotype8.2 Laws of Inheritance
genus12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
germ cells7.1 Sexual Reproduction
germ layers15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
gestation18.3 Human Reproduction
gestation period18.3 Human Reproduction
ginkgophyte14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
glia16.6 Nervous System
Glomeromycota13.4 Fungi
Glycogen2.3 Biological Molecules
Glycolysis4.2 Glycolysis
glycoprotein17.1 Viruses
Gnathostomes15.6 Vertebrates
Gnetophytes14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Golgi apparatus3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)18.3 Human Reproduction
Gram-negative13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
Gram-positive13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
granum5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
grazing food web20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
gross primary productivity20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
Gymnosperms14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
gynoecium14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
H
habitat heterogeneity21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
Hagfishes15.6 Vertebrates
haplodiplontic14.1 The Plant Kingdom
haploid6.1 The Genome
haploid-dominant7.1 Sexual Reproduction
Haplontic14.1 The Plant Kingdom
heat energy4.1 Energy and Metabolism
helicase9.2 DNA Replication
hemizygous8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
hemocoel15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
herbaceous14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Hermaphroditism18.1 How Animals Reproduce
heterodont teeth15.6 Vertebrates
heterosporous14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Heterotrophs5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
heterozygous8.2 Laws of Inheritance
hippocampus16.6 Nervous System
homeostasis1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
homologous chromosomes6.1 The Genome
homologous structures11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
homosporous14.1 The Plant Kingdom
homozygous8.2 Laws of Inheritance
hormone receptors16.4 Endocrine System
Hormones2.3 Biological Molecules, 16.4 Endocrine System
hornworts14.2 Seedless Plants
Horsetails14.2 Seedless Plants
host19.4 Community Ecology
human beta chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG)18.3 Human Reproduction
humoral immune response17.3 Adaptive Immunity
hybridizations8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
hydrogen bond2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
hydrophilic2.2 Water
hydrophobic2.2 Water
hydrosphere20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
hydrothermal vent13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
hyoid bone16.5 Musculoskeletal System
hypersensitivity17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
hypertonic3.5 Passive Transport
hypha13.4 Fungi
hypothalamus16.6 Nervous System
hypothesis1.2 The Process of Science
hypothesis-based science1.2 The Process of Science
hypotonic3.5 Passive Transport
I
immune tolerance17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Immunodeficiency17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
incomplete dominance8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Inductive reasoning1.2 The Process of Science
inferior vena cava16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
inflammation17.2 Innate Immunity
inheritance of acquired characteristics11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
inhibin18.3 Human Reproduction
Innate immunity17.2 Innate Immunity
inner cell mass18.2 Development and Organogenesis
interferon17.2 Innate Immunity
interkinesis7.2 Meiosis
internal fertilization18.1 How Animals Reproduce
interphase6.2 The Cell Cycle
interstitial cells of Leydig18.3 Human Reproduction
interstitial fluid16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
intertidal zone20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
intracellular16.4 Endocrine System
intracellular digestion15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
intraspecific competition19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
introns9.3 Transcription
ion2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
ionic bond2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Island biogeography19.4 Community Ecology
isotonic3.5 Passive Transport
Isotopes2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
J
J-shaped growth curve19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
joint16.5 Musculoskeletal System
K
K-selected species19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
karyogram7.3 Errors in Meiosis
karyotype7.3 Errors in Meiosis
keystone species19.4 Community Ecology
kidneys16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
kinetic energy4.1 Energy and Metabolism
kinetochore6.2 The Cell Cycle
kingdom12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
L
labia majora18.3 Human Reproduction
labia minora18.3 Human Reproduction
lagging strand9.2 DNA Replication
Lampreys15.6 Vertebrates
Lancelets15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
large intestine16.2 Digestive System
larynx16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
lateral15.6 Vertebrates
law of dominance8.2 Laws of Inheritance
law of independent assortment8.2 Laws of Inheritance
law of segregation8.2 Laws of Inheritance
leading strand9.2 DNA Replication
Lichens13.4 Fungi
life cycles7.1 Sexual Reproduction
life sciences1.2 The Process of Science
life tables19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
light-dependent reactions5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
limbic system16.6 Nervous System
line15.6 Vertebrates
linkage8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Lipids2.3 Biological Molecules
litmus2.2 Water
liver16.2 Digestive System
Liverworts14.2 Seedless Plants
locus6.1 The Genome
logistic growth19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
Lophotrochozoa15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
luteinizing hormone (LH)18.3 Human Reproduction
Lymph17.3 Adaptive Immunity
lymphocyte17.2 Innate Immunity
lysosomes3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
M
macroevolution11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
macromolecules1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology, 2.3 Biological Molecules
macrophage17.2 Innate Immunity
madreporite15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules17.2 Innate Immunity
Mammals15.6 Vertebrates
Mammary glands15.6 Vertebrates
mantle15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
mark and recapture19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
Marsupials15.6 Vertebrates
mass number2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Mast cells17.2 Innate Immunity
Matter2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
maximum parsimony12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
medusa15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
megasporocyte14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
meiosis7.1 Sexual Reproduction
meiosis I7.2 Meiosis
Meiosis II7.2 Meiosis
memory cell17.3 Adaptive Immunity
meninges16.6 Nervous System
menstrual cycle18.3 Human Reproduction
mesoglea15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
mesohyl15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
mesophyll5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
metabolism4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Metagenomics10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
metamerism15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
metaphase6.2 The Cell Cycle
metaphase plate6.2 The Cell Cycle
MHC class II molecule17.3 Adaptive Immunity
microbial mat13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
microevolution11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
microscope3.1 How Cells Are Studied
microsporocytes14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
migration11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
mimicry19.4 Community Ecology
Minerals16.2 Digestive System
mismatch repair9.2 DNA Replication
Mitochondria3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
mitosis6.2 The Cell Cycle
mitotic6.2 The Cell Cycle, 6.2 The Cell Cycle
model organisms10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
model system8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
modern synthesis11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
molds13.4 Fungi
molecular systematics12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
molecule1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Mollusca15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
monocots14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
monocyte17.2 Innate Immunity
monoecious15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
monohybrid8.2 Laws of Inheritance
monophyletic group12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
Monosaccharides2.3 Biological Molecules
monosomy7.3 Errors in Meiosis
monotremes15.6 Vertebrates
mortality rate19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
mosses14.2 Seedless Plants
mRNA9.3 Transcription
mutation9.2 DNA Replication
mutualism19.4 Community Ecology
mycelium13.4 Fungi
Mycorrhiza13.4 Fungi
mycoses13.4 Fungi
myelin sheath16.6 Nervous System
myofibrils16.5 Musculoskeletal System
myofilaments16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Myxini15.6 Vertebrates
N
nacre15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
nasal cavity16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
natural killer (NK) cell17.2 Innate Immunity
natural sciences1.2 The Process of Science
Natural selection11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
nematocysts15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
Nematoda15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
nephrons16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
neritic zone20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
Net primary productivity20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
neurons16.6 Nervous System
Neutrons2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
neutrophil17.2 Innate Immunity
nitrogenous base9.1 The Structure of DNA
non-renewable resource20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
noncompetitive inhibition4.1 Energy and Metabolism
nondisjunction7.3 Errors in Meiosis
Nonpolar covalent bonds2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
nontemplate strand9.3 Transcription
nonvascular plants14.1 The Plant Kingdom
notochord15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
nuclear envelope3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
nucleic acids2.3 Biological Molecules
nucleolus3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
nucleotide excision repair9.2 DNA Replication
nucleotides2.3 Biological Molecules
nucleus2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules, 3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
O
occipital lobe16.6 Nervous System
oceanic zone20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
octet rule2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
oils2.3 Biological Molecules
Okazaki fragments9.2 DNA Replication
oncogenes6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
one-child policy19.3 The Human Population
oogenesis18.3 Human Reproduction
Open circulatory systems16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Opisthokonta13.3 Protists
oral cavity16.2 Digestive System
order12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
organ system1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
organelles1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology, 3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Organisms1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
organogenesis18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Organs1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
origin6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
osculum15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
osmolarity3.5 Passive Transport
Osmoregulation16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
Osmosis3.5 Passive Transport
osmotic balance16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
Osteichthyes15.6 Vertebrates
ostracoderms15.6 Vertebrates
ovarian cycle18.3 Human Reproduction
ovary14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
oviducts18.3 Human Reproduction
oviparity18.1 How Animals Reproduce
ovoviparity18.1 How Animals Reproduce
ovulation18.3 Human Reproduction
oxidative phosphorylation4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
P
pancreas16.2 Digestive System, 16.4 Endocrine System
pandemics13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
paper2.2 Water
parasite19.4 Community Ecology
parasites13.3 Protists
parasympathetic nervous system16.6 Nervous System
parathyroid glands16.4 Endocrine System
parietal lobe16.6 Nervous System
Parthenogenesis18.1 How Animals Reproduce
passive immune17.3 Adaptive Immunity
Passive transport3.5 Passive Transport
pathogen13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
pectoral girdle16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Peer-reviewed articles1.2 The Process of Science
pelagic realm20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
pellicles13.3 Protists
pelvic girdle16.5 Musculoskeletal System
penis18.3 Human Reproduction
pepsin16.2 Digestive System
peptidoglycan13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
periodic table of elements2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
peripheral nervous system (PNS)16.6 Nervous System
peristalsis16.2 Digestive System
permafrost20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Peroxisomes3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Petals14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Petromyzontidae15.6 Vertebrates
pH scale2.2 Water
Phagocytosis3.6 Active Transport
Pharmacogenomics10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
Pharyngeal slits15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
pharynx16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
phase6.2 The Cell Cycle
phenotype8.2 Laws of Inheritance
phloem14.2 Seedless Plants
phosphate group9.1 The Structure of DNA
Phospholipids2.3 Biological Molecules
photic zone20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
photoautotrophs5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis, 20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
photon5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
photosystem5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
phototrophs13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
phylogenetic tree1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology, 12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
phylogeny12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
phylum12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Physical maps10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
physical sciences1.2 The Process of Science
pigment5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
pinocytosis3.6 Active Transport
pioneer species19.4 Community Ecology
pistil14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
pituitary gland16.4 Endocrine System
placenta18.3 Human Reproduction
planktivores20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
plasma membrane3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
plasmid10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
Plasmodesmata3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
plastid13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
pneumatic15.6 Vertebrates
polar covalent bond2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
polyp15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
polypeptide2.3 Biological Molecules
polyploid7.3 Errors in Meiosis
polysaccharide2.3 Biological Molecules
population1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
population density19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
population genetics11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
population size19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
Porifera15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
post-anal tail15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
post-transcriptional9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
post-translational9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
potential energy4.1 Energy and Metabolism
primary bronchi16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
primary consumers20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
primary immune response17.3 Adaptive Immunity
primary succession19.4 Community Ecology
Primates15.6 Vertebrates
primer9.2 DNA Replication
producers20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
progesterone18.3 Human Reproduction
Prokaryotes1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
prokaryotic cell3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
prometaphase6.2 The Cell Cycle
promoter9.3 Transcription
prophase6.2 The Cell Cycle
Prosimians15.6 Vertebrates
prostate gland18.3 Human Reproduction
protein signature10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
Proteins2.3 Biological Molecules
proteomics10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
proto-oncogenes6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
proton2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
Protostomes15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
pseudocoelomates15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
pseudopeptidoglycan13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
pulmonary circulation16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Punnett square8.2 Laws of Inheritance
Q
quadrat19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
R
r-selected species19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
radial symmetry15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
radioactive isotopes2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
radula15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
receptor-mediated endocytosis3.6 Active Transport
Recessive8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
reciprocal cross8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
recombinant7.2 Meiosis
recombinant DNA10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
recombinant proteins10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
recombination8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
rectum16.2 Digestive System
reduction division7.2 Meiosis
Relative species abundance19.4 Community Ecology
renal artery16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
renal vein16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
replication forks9.2 DNA Replication
Reproductive cloning10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
resilience20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
resistance20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
restriction enzymes10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
reverse genetics10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
Rhizaria13.3 Protists
ribonucleic acid (RNA)2.3 Biological Molecules
Ribosomes3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
RNA polymerase9.3 Transcription
rooted12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
rRNA9.4 Translation
S
S phase6.2 The Cell Cycle
S-shaped curve19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
salamanders15.6 Vertebrates
salivary glands16.2 Digestive System
saprobes13.3 Protists
sarcolemma16.5 Musculoskeletal System
sarcomere16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Sarcopterygii15.6 Vertebrates
Saturated fatty acids2.3 Biological Molecules
Savannas20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Science1.2 The Process of Science, 1.2 The Process of Science
scientific laws1.2 The Process of Science
scientific method1.2 The Process of Science
scientific theory1.2 The Process of Science
scrotum18.3 Human Reproduction
Sebaceous glands15.6 Vertebrates
Secondary consumers20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
secondary immune response17.3 Adaptive Immunity
secondary plant compounds21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
secondary succession19.4 Community Ecology
selectively permeable3.5 Passive Transport
Semen18.3 Human Reproduction
semiconservative replication9.2 DNA Replication
seminal vesicles18.3 Human Reproduction
seminiferous tubules18.3 Human Reproduction
sensory-somatic nervous system16.6 Nervous System
sepals14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
septum6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division, 13.4 Fungi
Sertoli cells18.3 Human Reproduction
set point16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
sex determination18.1 How Animals Reproduce
sexual reproduction18.1 How Animals Reproduce
shared ancestral character12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
shared derived character12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
sister taxa12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Skeletal muscle tissue16.5 Musculoskeletal System
skull16.5 Musculoskeletal System
small intestine16.2 Digestive System
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Smooth muscle tissue16.5 Musculoskeletal System
solute3.5 Passive Transport
solvent2.2 Water
somatic cell7.2 Meiosis
source water20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
speciation11.4 Speciation
species12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
species distribution pattern19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
Species richness19.4 Community Ecology
species-area relationship21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
spermatogenesis18.3 Human Reproduction
Sphenodontia15.6 Vertebrates
spicules15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
spindle6.2 The Cell Cycle
spiracles15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
splicing9.3 Transcription
spongocoel15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
sporangia14.1 The Plant Kingdom
sporophylls14.2 Seedless Plants
sporophyte7.1 Sexual Reproduction, 14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Squamata15.6 Vertebrates
stamens14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Starch2.3 Biological Molecules
start codon9.4 Translation
stereoscopic vision15.6 Vertebrates
steroids2.3 Biological Molecules
stigma14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
stomach16.2 Digestive System
stomata5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
stop codons9.4 Translation
Strobili14.2 Seedless Plants
stroma5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
stromatolite13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
style14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
subduction20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
substrates4.1 Energy and Metabolism
Subtropical deserts20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Sudoriferous glands15.6 Vertebrates
superior vena cava16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
surface tension2.2 Water
survivorship curve19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
swim bladder15.6 Vertebrates
sympathetic nervous system16.6 Nervous System
Sympatric speciation11.4 Speciation
synapses16.6 Nervous System
synapsis7.2 Meiosis
synaptic cleft16.6 Nervous System
syngamy14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Synovial joints16.5 Musculoskeletal System
systematics12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
systemic circulation16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
systole16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
T
T cells17.3 Adaptive Immunity
tadpole15.6 Vertebrates
taxon12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
Taxonomy12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
telomerase9.2 DNA Replication
telomeres9.2 DNA Replication
telophase6.2 The Cell Cycle
Temperate forests20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Temperate grasslands20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Temperature2.2 Water
template strand9.3 Transcription
temporal lobe16.6 Nervous System
Tertiary consumers20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
test cross8.2 Laws of Inheritance
testes18.3 Human Reproduction
Testosterone18.3 Human Reproduction
Testudines15.6 Vertebrates
tetrads7.2 Meiosis
Tetrapod15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
thalamus16.6 Nervous System
thallus13.4 Fungi
Thermodynamics4.1 Energy and Metabolism
thoracic cage16.5 Musculoskeletal System
threshold of excitation16.6 Nervous System
thylakoids5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
thymus16.4 Endocrine System
thyroid gland16.4 Endocrine System
tight junction3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
tissues1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Tonicity3.5 Passive Transport
trachea16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
tracheae15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
tragedy of the commons21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
trait8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
trans-fat2.3 Biological Molecules
transcription bubble9.3 Transcription
transduction13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
transformation13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
transgenic10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering, 10.2 Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
translocations7.3 Errors in Meiosis
tricuspid valve16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
triglycerides2.3 Biological Molecules
triploblasts15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
trisomy7.3 Errors in Meiosis
tRNAs9.4 Translation
trophic level20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
trophoblast18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Tropical rainforests20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
Tumor suppressor genes6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
tunicates15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
U
unified cell theory3.1 How Cells Are Studied
unsaturated fatty acid2.3 Biological Molecules
up-regulation16.4 Endocrine System
ureter16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
urethra16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
urinary bladder16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
Urochordata15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
Urodela15.6 Vertebrates
uterus18.3 Human Reproduction
V
vaccine17.1 Viruses
vacuoles3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
vagina18.3 Human Reproduction
van der Waals interactions2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
variable1.2 The Process of Science
variation11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
Vascular plants14.1 The Plant Kingdom
Veins16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
ventricle16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
vertebral column15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates, 16.5 Musculoskeletal System
Vesicles3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
vestigial structures11.3 Evidence of Evolution
vicariance11.4 Speciation
viral envelope17.1 Viruses
virion17.1 Viruses
Vitamins16.2 Digestive System
viviparity18.1 How Animals Reproduce
W
water vascular system15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
wavelength5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
Wetlands20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
whisk ferns14.2 Seedless Plants
white blood cell17.2 Innate Immunity
white-nose syndrome21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Whole genome sequencing10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
wild type8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
X
X inactivation7.3 Errors in Meiosis
X-linked8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Xylem14.2 Seedless Plants
Y
yeasts13.4 Fungi
Z
zero population growth19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
zona pellucida18.2 Development and Organogenesis
Zygomycota13.4 Fungi
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