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Concepts of Biology

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Concepts of BiologyReview Questions
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. The Cellular Foundation of Life
    1. 1 Introduction to Biology
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
      3. 1.2 The Process of Science
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Visual Connection Questions
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 2 Chemistry of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
      3. 2.2 Water
      4. 2.3 Biological Molecules
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 3 Cell Structure and Function
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 How Cells Are Studied
      3. 3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
      4. 3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
      5. 3.4 The Cell Membrane
      6. 3.5 Passive Transport
      7. 3.6 Active Transport
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Visual Connection Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 4 How Cells Obtain Energy
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 Energy and Metabolism
      3. 4.2 Glycolysis
      4. 4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
      5. 4.4 Fermentation
      6. 4.5 Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Visual Connection Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 5 Photosynthesis
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
      3. 5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
      4. 5.3 The Calvin Cycle
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  3. Cell Division and Genetics
    1. 6 Reproduction at the Cellular Level
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 The Genome
      3. 6.2 The Cell Cycle
      4. 6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
      5. 6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 7 The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Sexual Reproduction
      3. 7.2 Meiosis
      4. 7.3 Variations in Meiosis
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 8 Patterns of Inheritance
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
      3. 8.2 Laws of Inheritance
      4. 8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  4. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
    1. 9 Molecular Biology
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 The Structure of DNA
      3. 9.2 DNA Replication
      4. 9.3 Transcription
      5. 9.4 Translation
      6. 9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Visual Connection Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 10 Biotechnology
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
      3. 10.2 Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
      4. 10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  5. Evolution and the Diversity of Life
    1. 11 Evolution and Its Processes
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
      3. 11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
      4. 11.3 Evidence of Evolution
      5. 11.4 Speciation
      6. 11.5 Common Misconceptions about Evolution
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Visual Connection Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 12 Diversity of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
      3. 12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Visual Connection Questions
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 13 Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Protists
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
      3. 13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
      4. 13.3 Protists
      5. 13.4 Fungi
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 14 Diversity of Plants
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 The Plant Kingdom
      3. 14.2 Seedless Plants
      4. 14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
      5. 14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 15 Diversity of Animals
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
      3. 15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
      4. 15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
      5. 15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
      6. 15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
      7. 15.6 Vertebrates
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Visual Connection Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
  6. Animal Structure and Function
    1. 16 The Body’s Systems
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
      3. 16.2 Digestive System
      4. 16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
      5. 16.4 Endocrine System
      6. 16.5 Musculoskeletal System
      7. 16.6 Nervous System
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Visual Connection Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 17 The Immune System and Disease
      1. Introduction
      2. 17.1 Viruses
      3. 17.2 Innate Immunity
      4. 17.3 Adaptive Immunity
      5. 17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 18 Animal Reproduction and Development
      1. Introduction
      2. 18.1 How Animals Reproduce
      3. 18.2 Development and Organogenesis
      4. 18.3 Human Reproduction
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  7. Ecology
    1. 19 Population and Community Ecology
      1. Introduction
      2. 19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
      3. 19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
      4. 19.3 The Human Population
      5. 19.4 Community Ecology
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 20 Ecosystems and the Biosphere
      1. Introduction
      2. 20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
      3. 20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
      4. 20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
      5. 20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Visual Connection Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 21 Conservation and Biodiversity
      1. Introduction
      2. 21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
      3. 21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
      4. 21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Visual Connection Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
  8. A | The Periodic Table of Elements
  9. B | Geological Time
  10. C | Measurements and the Metric System
  11. Index
6.

When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will ________.

  1. experience a drop in its body temperature
  2. wait to see if it goes lower
  3. increase muscle activity to generate heat
  4. add fur or fat to increase insulation
7.

How are wastes carried to the kidney for removal?

  1. in cells
  2. in the urine
  3. in blood
  4. in interstitial fluid
8.

What is the cause of a fever of 38.3 °C (101 °F)?

  1. too much heat produced by the body
  2. upward adjustment of the body temperature set point
  3. inadequate cooling mechanisms in the body
  4. the heat caused by a viral or bacterial infection
9.

Where does the majority of fat digestion take place?

  1. mouth
  2. stomach
  3. small intestine
  4. large intestine
10.

The bile from the liver is delivered to the ________.

  1. stomach
  2. liver
  3. small intestine
  4. colon
11.

Which of the following statements is not true?

  1. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
  2. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function.
  3. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet.
  4. Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
12.

The respiratory system ________.

  1. provides body tissues with oxygen
  2. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide
  3. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute
  4. provides the body with carbon dioxide
13.

Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?

  1. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
  2. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
  3. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
  4. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
14.

Where does the right ventricle send blood?

  1. the head
  2. the upper body
  3. the lungs
  4. the lower body
15.

During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ________.

  1. contracting
  2. relaxing
  3. contracting and relaxing
  4. filling with blood
16.

How do arteries differ from veins?

  1. Arteries have thicker wall layers to accommodate the changes in pressure from the heart.
  2. Arteries carry blood.
  3. Arteries have thinner wall layers and valves and move blood by the action of skeletal muscle.
  4. Arteries are thin walled and are used for gas exchange.
17.

Most of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary perform what function?

  1. regulate growth
  2. regulate the sleep cycle
  3. regulate production of other hormones
  4. regulate blood volume and blood pressure
18.

What is the function of the hormone erythropoietin?

  1. stimulates production of red blood cells
  2. stimulates muscle growth
  3. causes the fight-or-flight response
  4. causes testosterone production
19.

Which endocrine glands are associated with the kidneys?

  1. thyroid glands
  2. pituitary glands
  3. adrenal glands
  4. gonads
20.

Among other bones, the axial skeleton includes the ________.

  1. thoracic cage and vertebral column
  2. thoracic cage and pectoral girdle
  3. skull and pelvic girdle
  4. pectoral and pelvic girdles
21.

The pectoral girdle supports the ________.

  1. arms
  2. legs
  3. skull
  4. thoracic cage
22.

Which component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction?

  1. proteins
  2. electrochemical signals
  3. plasma membranes
  4. striations
23.

What kind of muscle tissue is found surrounding the urinary bladder?

  1. cardiac
  2. skeletal
  3. striated
  4. smooth
24.

Neurons contain _________, which can receive signals from other neurons.

  1. axons
  2. mitochondria
  3. dendrites
  4. Golgi bodies
25.

The part of the brain that is responsible for coordination during movement is the ______.

  1. limbic system
  2. thalamus
  3. cerebellum
  4. parietal lobe
26.

Which part of the nervous system directly controls the digestive system?

  1. parasympathetic nervous system
  2. central nervous system
  3. spinal cord
  4. sensory-somatic nervous system
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