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Problems & Exercises

1.

(a) 2.75 kΩ2.75 kΩ

(b) 27.5Ω27.5Ω

3.

(a) 786Ω786Ω

(b) 20.3Ω20.3Ω

5.

29 . 6 W 29 . 6 W

7.

(a) 0.74 A

(b) 0.742 A

9.

(a) 60.8 W

(b) 3.18 kW

11.

(a) Rs=R1+R2RsR1R1>>R2Rs=R1+R2RsR1R1>>R2

(b) 1Rp=1R1+1R2=R1+R2R1R21Rp=1R1+1R2=R1+R2R1R2,

so that

R p = R 1 R 2 R 1 + R 2 R 1 R 2 R 1 = R 2 R 1 >> R 2 . R p = R 1 R 2 R 1 + R 2 R 1 R 2 R 1 = R 2 R 1 >> R 2 .

13.

(a) -400 kΩ-400 kΩ

(b) Resistance cannot be negative.

(c) Series resistance is said to be less than one of the resistors, but it must be greater than any of the resistors.

14.

2.00 V

16.

2.9994 V

18.

0 . 375 Ω 0 . 375 Ω

21.

(a) 0.658 A

(b) 0.997 W

(c) 0.997 W; yes

23.

(a) 200 A

(b) 10.0 V

(c) 2.00 kW

(d) 0.1000Ω; 80.0 A, 4.0 V, 320 W0.1000Ω; 80.0 A, 4.0 V, 320 W

25.

(a) 0.400 Ω0.400 Ω

(b) No, there is only one independent equation, so only rr can be found.

29.

(a) –0.120 V

(b) -1.41×102Ω-1.41×102Ω

(c) Negative terminal voltage; negative load resistance.

(d) The assumption that such a cell could provide 8.50 A is inconsistent with its internal resistance.

31.
I 2 R 2 + emf 1 I 2 r 1 + I 3 R 3 + I 3 r 2 - emf 2 = 0 I 2 R 2 + emf 1 I 2 r 1 + I 3 R 3 + I 3 r 2 - emf 2 = 0
35.
I 3 = I 1 + I 2 I 3 = I 1 + I 2
37.
emf 2 - I 2 r 2 - I 2 R 2 + I 1 R 5 + I 1 r 1 - emf 1 + I 1 R 1 = 0 emf 2 - I 2 r 2 - I 2 R 2 + I 1 R 5 + I 1 r 1 - emf 1 + I 1 R 1 = 0
39.

(a) I1=4.75 AI1=4.75 A

(b) I2 =-3.5 AI2 =-3.5 A

(c) I3=8.25 AI3=8.25 A

41.

(a) No, you would get inconsistent equations to solve.

(b) I1I2+I3I1I2+I3. The assumed currents violate the junction rule.

42.

30 μA 30 μA

44.

1 . 98 k Ω 1 . 98 k Ω

46.
1 . 25 × 10 - 4 Ω 1 . 25 × 10 - 4 Ω
48.

(a) 3.00 MΩ3.00 MΩ

(b) 2.99 kΩ2.99 kΩ

50.

(a) 1.58 mA

(b) 1.5848 V (need four digits to see the difference)

(c) 0.99990 (need five digits to see the difference from unity)

52.

15 . 0 μA 15 . 0 μA

54.

(a)

The figure shows part of a circuit that includes an ammeter with internal resistance r connected in series with a load resistance R.

(b) 10.02 Ω10.02 Ω

(c) 0.9980, or a 2.0×10–12.0×10–1 percent decrease

(d) 1.002, or a 2.0×10–12.0×10–1 percent increase

(e) Not significant.

56.

(a) 66.7Ω66.7Ω

(b) You can’t have negative resistance.

(c) It is unreasonable that IGIG is greater than ItotItot (see Figure 21.30). You cannot achieve a full-scale deflection using a current less than the sensitivity of the galvanometer.

57.

24.0 V

59.

1 . 56 k Ω 1 . 56 k Ω

61.

(a) 2.00 V

(b) 9.68 Ω9.68 Ω

62.
Range = 5 . 00 Ω to 5 . 00 k Ω Range = 5 . 00 Ω to 5 . 00 k Ω
63.

range 4 . 00 to 30 . 0 M Ω range 4 . 00 to 30 . 0 M Ω

65.

(a) 2.50 μF2.50 μF

(b) 2.00 s

67.

86.5%

69.

(a) 1.25 kΩ1.25 kΩ

(b) 30.0 ms

71.

(a) 20.0 s

(b) 120 s

(c) 16.0 ms

73.

1 . 73 × 10 2 s 1 . 73 × 10 2 s

74.

3 . 33 × 10 3 Ω 3 . 33 × 10 3 Ω

76.

(a) 4.99 s

(b) 3.87ºC3.87ºC

(c) 31.1 kΩ31.1 kΩ

(d) No

80.

(a) P= V 2 R = (1.00× 10 2 ) 2 2.50× 10 3 w=4.00 W P= V 2 R = (1.00× 10 2 ) 2 2.50× 10 3 w=4.00 W

(b) 1 R eq = 2 R 1 R eq = R 1 2 =1.25× 10 3 Ω P= V 2 R = (1.00× 10 2 ) 2 1.25× 10 3  W=8W 1 R eq = 2 R 1 R eq = R 1 2 =1.25× 10 3 Ω P= V 2 R = (1.00× 10 2 ) 2 1.25× 10 3  W=8W

(c) R eq = R 1 + R 2 =2 R 1 P= V 2 R = (1.00× 10 2 ) 2 5.00× 10 3 W=2W R eq = R 1 + R 2 =2 R 1 P= V 2 R = (1.00× 10 2 ) 2 5.00× 10 3 W=2W

(d) In the parallel case current passes through each branch, so more current is passed through the resistor system. In the series, the higher resistance of the circuit allows less current to flow. P=IV P=IV is proportional to the current when the voltage does not change.

(e) The parallel combination delivers more energy in a given time period.

Test Prep for AP® Courses

1.

(a), (b)

3.

(b)

5.

(a) 4-Ω resistor; (b) combination of 20-Ω, 20-Ω, and 10-Ω resistors; (c) 20 W in each 20-Ω resistor, 40 W in 10-Ω resistor, 64 W in 4-Ω resistor, total 144W total in resistors, output power is 144 W, yes they are equal (law of conservation of energy); (d) 4 Ω and 3 Ω for part (a) and no change for part (b); (e) no effect, it will remain the same.

7.

0.25 Ω, 0.50 Ω, no change

9.

a. (c)

b. (c)

c. (d)

d. (d)

11.
  1. I1 + I3 = I2
  2. E1 - I1R1 - I2R2 - I1r1 = 0; - E2 + I1R1 - I3R3 - I3r2 = 0
  3. I1 = 8/15 A, I2 = 7/15 A and I3 = -1/15 A
  4. I1 = 2/5 A, I2 = 3/5 A and I3 = 1/5 A
  5. PE1 = 18/5 W and PR1 = 24/25 W, PR2 = 54/25 W, PR3 = 12/25 W. Yes, PE1 = PR1+ PR2 + PR3
  6. R3, losses in the circuit
13.

(a) 20 mA, Figure 21.37, 5.5 s; (b) 24 mA, Figure 21.29, 2 s

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