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Problems & Exercises

1.

5.701 MeV

3.

9942Mo579943Tc56+β+ˉve

5.

1.43×109g

7.

(a) 6.958 MeV

(b) 5.7×1010g

8.

(a) 100 mSv

(b) 80 mSv

(c) ~30 mSv

10.

~2 Gy

12.

1.69 mm

14.

1.24 MeV

16.

7.44×108

18.

4.92×10–4Sv

20.

4.43 g

22.

0.010 g

24.

95%

26.

(a) A=1+1=2, Z=1+1=1+1, efn=0=1+1

(b) A=1+2=3, Z=1+1=2, efn=0=0

(c) A=3+3=4+1+1, Z=2+2=2+1+1, efn=0=0

28.

E=(mimf)c2=[4m(1H)m(4He)]c2=[4(1.007825)4.002603](931.5 MeV)=26.73 MeV

30.

3.12×105kg (about 200 tons)

32.

E=(mimf)c2E1=(1.008665+3.0160304.002603)(931.5 MeV)=20.58 MeVE2=(1.008665+1.0078252.014102)(931.5 MeV)=2.224 MeV

4He is more tightly bound, since this reaction gives off more energy per nucleon.

34.

1.19×104kg

36.

2e+41H4He++2ve

38.

(a) A=12+1=13, Z=6+1=7, efn=0=0

(b) A=13=13, Z=7=6+1, efn=0=1+1

(c) A=13+1=14, Z=6+1=7, efn=0=0

(d) A=14+1=15, Z=7+1=8, efn=0=0

(e) A=15=15, Z=8=7+1, efn=0=1+1

(f) A=15+1=12+4, Z=7+1=6+2, efn=0=0

40.

Eγ=20.6 MeV

E4He=5.68×10-2MeV

42.

(a) 3×109y

(b) This is approximately half the lifetime of the Earth.

43.

(a) 177.1 MeV

(b) Because the gain of an external neutron yields about 6 MeV, which is the average BE/A for heavy nuclei.

(c) A=1+238=96+140+1+1+1,Z=92=38+53,efn=0=0

45.

(a) 180.6 MeV

(b) A=1+239=96+140+1+1+1+1,Z=94=38+56,efn=0=0

47.

238U+n239U+γ 4.81 MeV

239U239Np+β+ve 0.753 MeV

239Np239Pu+β+ve 0.211 MeV

49.

(a) 2.57×103MW

(b) 8.03×1019fission/s

(c) 991 kg

51.

0.56 g

53.

4.781 MeV

55.

(a) Blast yields 2.1×1012J to 8.4×1011J, or 2.5 to 1, conventional to radiation enhanced.

(b) Prompt radiation yields 6.3×1011J to 2.1×1011J, or 3 to 1, radiation enhanced to conventional.

57.

(a) 1.1×1025fissions , 4.4 kg

(b) 3.2×1026fusions , 2.7 kg

(c) The nuclear fuel totals only 6 kg, so it is quite reasonable that some missiles carry 10 overheads. The mass of the fuel would only be 60 kg and therefore the mass of the 10 warheads, weighing about 10 times the nuclear fuel, would be only 1500 lbs. If the fuel for the missiles weighs 5 times the total weight of the warheads, the missile would weigh about 9000 lbs or 4.5 tons. This is not an unreasonable weight for a missile.

59.

7×104g

61.

(a) 4.86×109W

(b) 11.0 y

62.

(a) (0.500,2.00,3.00) and (0.500,2.00,3.00)

(b) (0.000,1.50,3.00) and (0.000,2.50,3.00)

(c) They travel in opposite directions along the same line.

(d) Yes.

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