Jay Abramson; Sharon North

Learning Objectives

In this section, you will:

Find the common ratio for a geometric sequence.
List the terms of a geometric sequence.
Use a recursive formula for a geometric sequence.
Use an explicit formula for a geometric sequence.

Corequisite Skills

Learning Objectives

Determine if a sequence is geometric (IA 12.3.1).
Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence (IA 12.3.2).

Objective 1: Determine if a sequence is geometric (IA 12.3.1)

A sequence is called a geometric sequence if the ratio between consecutive terms is always the same.

The ratio between consecutive terms in a geometric sequence is r, the common ratio, where n is greater than or equal to two.

r = \frac{a_{n}}{a_{n - 1}}

This figure shows two sets of sequences where r is the common ratio.

Example 1

Determine if each sequence is geometric. If so, indicate the common ratio.

ⓐ $4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, …$

ⓑ $−2, 6, −12, 36, −72, 216, …$

Solution

To determine if the sequence is geometric, we find the ratio of the consecutive terms shown.

ⓐ
$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} Find the ratio of \\ the consecutive terms. \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} 4, & 8, & 16, & 32, & 64, & 128, … \\ \frac{8}{4} & \frac{16}{8} & \frac{32}{16} & \frac{64}{32} & \frac{128}{64} \\ 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 \end{matrix} \\ The sequence is geometric. The common ratio is r = 2 . \end{matrix}$

ⓑ
$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} Find the ratio of \\ the consecutive terms. \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} −2, & 6, & −12, & 36, & −72, & 216, … \\ \frac{6}{−2} & \frac{−12}{6} & \frac{36}{−12} & \frac{−72}{36} & \frac{216}{−72} \\ −3 & −2 & −3 & −2 & −3 \end{matrix} \\ The sequence is not geometric. There is no common ratio. \end{matrix}$

Practice Makes Perfect

Determine if each sequence is geometric. If so, indicate the common ratio.

1.

$−150$ , $−30$ , $−15$ , $−5$ , $- \frac{5}{2}$ , …

Find the ratio of consecutive terms.	________________________________________
________________________________________	________________________________________

2.

8, 4, 2, 1, $\frac{1}{2}$ , $\frac{1}{4}$ , …

Find the ratio of consecutive terms.	________________________________________
________________________________________	________________________________________

Example 2

Write the first five terms of the sequence where the first term is 3 and the common ratio is $r = −2 .$

Solution

We start with the first term and multiply it by the common ratio. Then we multiply that result by the common ratio to get the next term, and so on.

\begin{matrix} a_{1} & a_{2} & a_{3} & a_{4} & a_{5} \\ 3 & 3 \cdot (−2) & −6 \cdot (−2) & 12 \cdot (−2) & −24 \cdot (−2) \\ −6 & 12 & −24 & 48 \end{matrix}

The sequence is $3, −6, 12, −24, 48, …$

Practice Makes Perfect

3.

Write the first five terms of the sequence where the first term is 7 and the common ratio is $r = - 3$ .

$a_{1}$	$a_{2}$	$a_{3}$	$a_{4}$	$a_{5}$
7	________	________	________	________
The sequence is: ________________________________________

Objective 2: Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence (IA 12.3.2)

Let’s find the formula for the general term of a geometric sequence.

Let’s write the first few terms of the sequence where the first term is $a_{1}$ and the common ratio is $r$ . We will then look for a pattern.

This figure shows an image of a geometric sequence.

General term (nth term) of a geometric sequence

The general term of a geometric sequence with first term

a_{1}

and the common ratio

r

is

a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1}

Example 3

Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence.

ⓐ Find the thirteenth term of a sequence where the first term is 81 and the common ratio is r=1/3.
ⓑ Find the ninth term of the sequence 6, 18, 54, 162, 486, 1458, … Then find the general term for the sequence.

Solution

ⓐ

Find the thirteenth term of a sequence where the first term is 81 and the common ratio is r=1/3.

To find the 13th term, use the formula with $a_{1} = 81, r = 1 / 3 a n d n = 13$	$a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1}$
Substitute	$a_{13} = 81 {(\frac{1}{3})}^{13 - 1}$
Simplify	$\begin{matrix} a_{13} = 81 {(\frac{1}{3})}^{13 - 1} \\ a_{13} = 81 {(\frac{1}{3})}^{12} \\ a_{13} = \frac{1}{729} \end{matrix}$

ⓑ

Find the ninth term of the sequence 6, 18, 54, 162, 486, 1458, … Then find the general term for the sequence.

Let’s first determine $a_{1}$ and the common ratio $r$	$\begin{matrix} The first term is 6, so a_{1} = 6 \\ The ratio is : \frac{18}{6} = \frac{54}{18} = \frac{162}{54} = \frac{482}{162} = \frac{1458}{486} = 3 \end{matrix}$
To find the 9th term, use the formula with $a_{1} = 6, r = 3$ and n=9. Substitute these values and simplify	$\begin{matrix} a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1} \\ a_{9} = 6 {(3)}^{9 - 1} \\ a_{9} = 6 {(3)}^{8} \\ a_{9} = 39366 \end{matrix}$
To find the general term, substitute $a_{1} = 6$ and $r = 3$ into the formula	$\begin{matrix} a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1} \\ a_{n} = 6 {(3)}^{n - 1} \end{matrix}$

Practice Makes Perfect

Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence.

4.

Find the sixteenth term of a sequence where the first term is 11 and the common ratio is −6.

5.

Find the 10th term of the sequence 9, 18, 36, 72, 144, 288, …. Then give the formula for the general term.

Try It #1

Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence.

A patient takes a 30 mg antibiotic capsule. At the end of any hour, the amount of antibiotic remaining in her body is only 90% of the amount in the beginning of that hour. The table below shows the amount of medicine remaining in the body at the beginning of each hour.

Time t	Dose remaining after time t
1	30mg
2	27mg
3	24.3mg
4	21.87mg
5	19.68mg

ⓐ Find the ratio of consecutive terms. Is this a geometric sequence?
ⓑ Find a formula for the general term of this sequence.
ⓒ How much of the medicine is left at the beginning of hour 7? Hour 12? Hour 24?

Many jobs offer an annual cost-of-living increase to keep salaries consistent with inflation. Suppose, for example, a recent college graduate finds a position as a sales manager earning an annual salary of $26,000. He is promised a 2% cost of living increase each year. His annual salary in any given year can be found by multiplying his salary from the previous year by 102%. His salary will be $26,520 after one year; $27,050.40 after two years; $27,591.41 after three years; and so on. When a salary increases by a constant rate each year, the salary grows by a constant factor. In this section, we will review sequences that grow in this way.

Finding Common Ratios

The yearly salary values described form a geometric sequence because they change by a constant factor each year. Each term of a geometric sequence increases or decreases by a constant factor called the common ratio. The sequence below is an example of a geometric sequence because each term increases by a constant factor of 6. Multiplying any term of the sequence by the common ratio 6 generates the subsequent term.

A sequence , {1, 6, 36, 216, 1296, ...} that shows all the numbers have a common ratio of 6.

Definition of a Geometric Sequence

A geometric sequence is one in which any term divided by the previous term is a constant. This constant is called the common ratio of the sequence. The common ratio can be found by dividing any term in the sequence by the previous term. If $a_{1}$ is the initial term of a geometric sequence and $r$ is the common ratio, the sequence will be

{a_{1}, a_{1} r, a_{1} r^{2}, a_{1} r^{3}, ...} .

How To

Given a set of numbers, determine if they represent a geometric sequence.

Divide each term by the previous term.
Compare the quotients. If they are the same, a common ratio exists and the sequence is geometric.

Example 1

Finding Common Ratios

Is the sequence geometric? If so, find the common ratio.

ⓐ $1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...$
ⓑ $48, 12, 4, 2, ...$

Solution

Divide each term by the previous term to determine whether a common ratio exists.

ⓐ $\begin{array}{l} \frac{2}{1} = 2 & \frac{4}{2} = 2 & \frac{8}{4} = 2 & \frac{16}{8} = 2 \end{array}$
The sequence is geometric because there is a common ratio. The common ratio is 2.
ⓑ $\begin{array}{l} \frac{12}{48} = \frac{1}{4} & \frac{4}{12} = \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2} \end{array}$
The sequence is not geometric because there is not a common ratio.

Analysis

The graph of each sequence is shown in Figure 1. It seems from the graphs that both (a) and (b) appear have the form of the graph of an exponential function in this viewing window. However, we know that (a) is geometric and so this interpretation holds, but (b) is not.

Graph of two sequences where graph (a) is geometric and graph (b) is exponential.

Figure 1

Q&A

If you are told that a sequence is geometric, do you have to divide every term by the previous term to find the common ratio?

No. If you know that the sequence is geometric, you can choose any one term in the sequence and divide it by the previous term to find the common ratio.

Try It #2

Is the sequence geometric? If so, find the common ratio.

5, 10, 15, 20, ...

Try It #3

Is the sequence geometric? If so, find the common ratio.

100, 20, 4, \frac{4}{5}, ...

Writing Terms of Geometric Sequences

Now that we can identify a geometric sequence, we will learn how to find the terms of a geometric sequence if we are given the first term and the common ratio. The terms of a geometric sequence can be found by beginning with the first term and multiplying by the common ratio repeatedly. For instance, if the first term of a geometric sequence is $a_{1} = - 2$ and the common ratio is $r = 4,$ we can find subsequent terms by multiplying $- 2 \cdot 4$ to get $- 8$ then multiplying the result $- 8 \cdot 4$ to get $- 32$ and so on.

\begin{array}{l} a_{1} = - 2 \\ a_{2} = (- 2 \cdot 4) = - 8 \\ a_{3} = (- 8 \cdot 4) = - 32 \\ a_{4} = (- 32 \cdot 4) = - 128 \end{array}

The first four terms are ${–2, –8, –32, –128} .$

How To

Given the first term and the common factor, find the first four terms of a geometric sequence.

Multiply the initial term, $a_{1},$ by the common ratio to find the next term, $a_{2} .$
Repeat the process, using $a_{n} = a_{2}$ to find $a_{3}$ and then $a_{3}$ to find $a_{4,}$ until all four terms have been identified.
Write the terms separated by commons within brackets.

Example 2

Writing the Terms of a Geometric Sequence

List the first four terms of the geometric sequence with $a_{1} = 5$ and $r = –2.$

Solution

Multiply $a_{1}$ by $- 2$ to find $a_{2} .$ Repeat the process, using $a_{2}$ to find $a_{3},$ and so on.

\begin{array}{l} a_{1} = 5 \\ a_{2} = - 2 a_{1} = - 10 \\ a_{3} = - 2 a_{2} = 20 \\ a_{4} = - 2 a_{3} = - 40 \end{array}

The first four terms are ${5, –10, 20, –40} .$

Try It #4

List the first five terms of the geometric sequence with $a_{1} = 18$ and $r = \frac{1}{3} .$

Using Recursive Formulas for Geometric Sequences

A recursive formula allows us to find any term of a geometric sequence by using the previous term. Each term is the product of the common ratio and the previous term. For example, suppose the common ratio is 9. Then each term is nine times the previous term. As with any recursive formula, the initial term must be given.

Recursive Formula for a Geometric Sequence

The recursive formula for a geometric sequence with common ratio $r$ and first term $a_{1}$ is

a_{n} = r a_{n - 1}, n \geq 2

How To

Given the first several terms of a geometric sequence, write its recursive formula.

State the initial term.
Find the common ratio by dividing any term by the preceding term.
Substitute the common ratio into the recursive formula for a geometric sequence.

Example 3

Using Recursive Formulas for Geometric Sequences

Write a recursive formula for the following geometric sequence.

{6, 9, 13.5, 20.25, ...}

Solution

The first term is given as 6. The common ratio can be found by dividing the second term by the first term.

r = \frac{9}{6} = 1.5

Substitute the common ratio into the recursive formula for geometric sequences and define $a_{1} .$

\begin{array}{l} a_{n} = r a_{n - 1} \\ a_{n} = 1.5 a_{n - 1} for n \geq 2 \\ a_{1} = 6 \end{array}

Analysis

The sequence of data points follows an exponential pattern. The common ratio is also the base of an exponential function as shown in Figure 2

Figure 2

Q&A

Do we have to divide the second term by the first term to find the common ratio?

No. We can divide any term in the sequence by the previous term. It is, however, most common to divide the second term by the first term because it is often the easiest method of finding the common ratio.

Try It #5

Write a recursive formula for the following geometric sequence.

{2, \frac{4}{3}, \frac{8}{9}, \frac{16}{27}, ...}

Using Explicit Formulas for Geometric Sequences

Because a geometric sequence is an exponential function whose domain is the set of positive integers, and the common ratio is the base of the function, we can write explicit formulas that allow us to find particular terms.

a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1}

Let’s take a look at the sequence ${18, 36, 72, 144, 288, ...} .$ This is a geometric sequence with a common ratio of 2 and an exponential function with a base of 2. An explicit formula for this sequence is

a_{n} = 18 \cdot 2^{n - 1}

The graph of the sequence is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

Explicit Formula for a Geometric Sequence

The $n$ th term of a geometric sequence is given by the explicit formula:

a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1}

Example 4

Writing Terms of Geometric Sequences Using the Explicit Formula

Given a geometric sequence with $a_{1} = 3$ and $a_{4} = 24,$ find $a_{2} .$

Solution

The sequence can be written in terms of the initial term and the common ratio $r .$

3, 3 r, 3 r^{2}, 3 r^{3}, ...

Find the common ratio using the given fourth term.

\begin{array}{l} a_{n} = a_{1} r^{n - 1} \\ a_{4} = 3 r^{3} & Write the fourth term of sequence in terms of α_{1} and r \\ 24 = 3 r^{3} & Substitute 24 for a_{4} \\ 8 = r^{3} & Divide \\ r = 2 & Solve for the common ratio \end{array}

Find the second term by multiplying the first term by the common ratio.

\begin{array}{l} a_{2} & = 2 a_{1} \\ = 2 (3) \\ = 6 \end{array}

Analysis

The common ratio is multiplied by the first term once to find the second term, twice to find the third term, three times to find the fourth term, and so on. The tenth term could be found by multiplying the first term by the common ratio nine times or by multiplying by the common ratio raised to the ninth power.

Try It #6

Given a geometric sequence with $a_{2} = 4$ and $a_{3} = 32$ , find $a_{6} .$

Example 5

Writing an Explicit Formula for the $n$ th Term of a Geometric Sequence

Write an explicit formula for the $n th$ term of the following geometric sequence.

{2, 10, 50, 250, ...}

Solution

The first term is 2. The common ratio can be found by dividing the second term by the first term.

\frac{10}{2} = 5

The common ratio is 5. Substitute the common ratio and the first term of the sequence into the formula.

\begin{array}{l} a_{n} = a_{1} r^{(n - 1)} \\ a_{n} = 2 \cdot 5^{n - 1} \end{array}

The graph of this sequence in Figure 4 shows an exponential pattern.

Figure 4

Try It #7

Write an explicit formula for the following geometric sequence.

{–1, 3, –9, 27, ...}

Solving Application Problems with Geometric Sequences

In real-world scenarios involving geometric sequences, we may need to use an initial term of $a_{0}$ instead of $a_{1} .$ In these problems, we can alter the explicit formula slightly by using the following formula:

a_{n} = a_{0} r^{n}

Example 6

Solving Application Problems with Geometric Sequences

In 2013, the number of students in a small school is 284. It is estimated that the student population will increase by 4% each year.

ⓐWrite a formula for the student population.
ⓑEstimate the student population in 2020.

Solution

ⓐ
The situation can be modeled by a geometric sequence with an initial term of 284. The student population will be 104% of the prior year, so the common ratio is 1.04.

Let $P$ be the student population and $n$ be the number of years after 2013. Using the explicit formula for a geometric sequence we get
$P_{n} = 284 \cdot {1.04}^{n}$
ⓑ
We can find the number of years since 2013 by subtracting.

$2020 - 2013 = 7$

We are looking for the population after 7 years. We can substitute 7 for $n$ to estimate the population in 2020.

$P_{7} = 284 \cdot {1.04}^{7} \approx 374$
The student population will be about 374 in 2020.

Try It #8

A business starts a new website. Initially the number of hits is 293 due to the curiosity factor. The business estimates the number of hits will increase by 2.6% per week.

ⓐWrite a formula for the number of hits.
ⓑEstimate the number of hits in 5 weeks.

Media

Access these online resources for additional instruction and practice with geometric sequences.

9.3 Section Exercises

Verbal

1.

What is a geometric sequence?

2.

How is the common ratio of a geometric sequence found?

3.

What is the procedure for determining whether a sequence is geometric?

4.

What is the difference between an arithmetic sequence and a geometric sequence?

5.

Describe how exponential functions and geometric sequences are similar. How are they different?

Algebraic

For the following exercises, find the common ratio for the geometric sequence.

6.

$1, 3, 9, 27, 81, ...$

7.

$- 0.125, 0.25, - 0.5, 1, - 2, ...$

8.

$- 2, - \frac{1}{2}, - \frac{1}{8}, - \frac{1}{32}, - \frac{1}{128}, ...$

For the following exercises, determine whether the sequence is geometric. If so, find the common ratio.

9.

$- 6, - 12, - 24, - 48, - 96, ...$

10.

$5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, ...$

11.

$- 1, \frac{1}{2}, - \frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{8}, - \frac{1}{16}, ...$

12.

$6, 8, 11, 15, 20, ...$

13.

$0.8, 4, 20, 100, 500, ...$

For the following exercises, write the first five terms of the geometric sequence, given the first term and common ratio.

14.

$\begin{matrix} a_{1} = 8, & r = 0.3 \end{matrix}$

15.

$\begin{matrix} a_{1} = 5, & r = \frac{1}{5} \end{matrix}$

For the following exercises, write the first five terms of the geometric sequence, given any two terms.

16.

$\begin{matrix} a_{7} = 64, & a_{10} \end{matrix} = 512$

17.

$\begin{matrix} a_{6} = 25, & a_{8} \end{matrix} = 6.25$

For the following exercises, find the specified term for the geometric sequence, given the first term and common ratio.

18.

The first term is $2,$ and the common ratio is $3.$ Find the 5^th term.

19.

The first term is 16 and the common ratio is $- \frac{1}{3} .$ Find the 4^th term.

For the following exercises, find the specified term for the geometric sequence, given the first four terms.

20.

$a_{n} = {- 1, 2, - 4, 8, ...} .$ Find $a_{12} .$

21.

$a_{n} = {- 2, \frac{2}{3}, - \frac{2}{9}, \frac{2}{27}, ...} .$ Find $a_{7} .$

For the following exercises, write the first five terms of the geometric sequence.

22.

$\begin{matrix} a_{1} = - 486, & a_{n} = - \frac{1}{3} \end{matrix} a_{n - 1}$

23.

$\begin{matrix} a_{1} = 7, & a_{n} = 0.2 a_{n - 1} \end{matrix}$

For the following exercises, write a recursive formula for each geometric sequence.

24.

$a_{n} = {- 1, 5, - 25, 125, ...}$

25.

$a_{n} = {- 32, - 16, - 8, - 4, ...}$

26.

$a_{n} = {14, 56, 224, 896, ...}$

27.

$a_{n} = {10, - 3, 0.9, - 0.27, ...}$

28.

$a_{n} = {0.61, 1.83, 5.49, 16.47, ...}$

29.

$a_{n} = {\frac{3}{5}, \frac{1}{10}, \frac{1}{60}, \frac{1}{360}, ...}$

30.

$a_{n} = {- 2, \frac{4}{3}, - \frac{8}{9}, \frac{16}{27}, ...}$

31.

$a_{n} = {\frac{1}{512}, - \frac{1}{128}, \frac{1}{32}, - \frac{1}{8}, ...}$

For the following exercises, write the first five terms of the geometric sequence.

32.

$a_{n} = - 4 \cdot 5^{n - 1}$

33.

$a_{n} = 12 \cdot {(- \frac{1}{2})}^{n - 1}$

For the following exercises, write an explicit formula for each geometric sequence.

34.

$a_{n} = {- 2, - 4, - 8, - 16, ...}$

35.

$a_{n} = {1, 3, 9, 27, ...}$

36.

$a_{n} = {- 4, - 12, - 36, - 108, ...}$

37.

$a_{n} = {0.8, - 4, 20, - 100, ...}$

38.

$a_{n} = {- 1.25, - 5, - 20, - 80, ...}$

39.

$a_{n} = {- 1, - \frac{4}{5}, - \frac{16}{25}, - \frac{64}{125}, ...}$

40.

$a_{n} = {2, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{18}, \frac{1}{108}, ...}$

41.

$a_{n} = {3, - 1, \frac{1}{3}, - \frac{1}{9}, ...}$

For the following exercises, find the specified term for the geometric sequence given.

42.

Let $a_{1} = 4,$ $a_{n} = - 3 a_{n - 1} .$ Find $a_{8} .$

43.

Let $a_{n} = - {(- \frac{1}{3})}^{n - 1} .$ Find $a_{12} .$

For the following exercises, find the number of terms in the given finite geometric sequence.

44.

$a_{n} = {- 1, 3, - 9, ..., 2187}$

45.

$a_{n} = {2, 1, \frac{1}{2}, ..., \frac{1}{1024}}$

Graphical

For the following exercises, determine whether the graph shown represents a geometric sequence.

46.

Graph of a scattered plot with labeled points: (1, -3), (2, -1), (3, 1), (4, 3), and (5, 5). The x-axis is labeled n and the y-axis is labeled a_n.

47.

Graph of a scattered plot with labeled points: (1, -0.5), (2, 0.25), (3, 1.375), (4, 3.0625), and (5, 5.5938). The x-axis is labeled n and the y-axis is labeled a_n.

For the following exercises, use the information provided to graph the first five terms of the geometric sequence.

48.

$\begin{matrix} a_{1} = 1, & r = \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}$

49.

$\begin{matrix} a_{1} = 3, & a_{n} = 2 a_{n - 1} \end{matrix}$

50.

$a_{n} = 27 \cdot {0.3}^{n - 1}$

Extensions

51.

Use recursive formulas to give two examples of geometric sequences whose 3^rd terms are $200.$

52.

Use explicit formulas to give two examples of geometric sequences whose 7^th terms are $1024.$

53.

Find the 5^th term of the geometric sequence ${b, 4 b, 16 b, ...} .$

54.

Find the 7^th term of the geometric sequence ${64 a (- b), 32 a (- 3 b), 16 a (- 9 b), ...} .$

55.

At which term does the sequence ${10, 12, 14.4, 17.28, ...}$ exceed $100 ?$

56.

At which term does the sequence ${\frac{1}{2187}, \frac{1}{729}, \frac{1}{243}, \frac{1}{81} ...}$ begin to have integer values?

57.

For which term does the geometric sequence $a_{_{n}} = - 36 {(\frac{2}{3})}^{n - 1}$ first have a non-integer value?

58.

Use the recursive formula to write a geometric sequence whose common ratio is an integer. Show the first four terms, and then find the 10^th term.

59.

Use the explicit formula to write a geometric sequence whose common ratio is a decimal number between 0 and 1. Show the first 4 terms, and then find the 8^th term.

60.

Is it possible for a sequence to be both arithmetic and geometric? If so, give an example.

9.3 Geometric Sequences

Corequisite Skills

Learning Objectives

Objective 1: Determine if a sequence is geometric (IA 12.3.1)

Solution

Practice Makes Perfect

Solution

Practice Makes Perfect

Objective 2: Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence (IA 12.3.2)

Find the general term (nth term) of a geometric sequence.

Solution

Practice Makes Perfect

Finding Common Ratios

Finding Common Ratios

Solution

Analysis

Writing Terms of Geometric Sequences

Writing the Terms of a Geometric Sequence

Solution

Using Recursive Formulas for Geometric Sequences

Using Recursive Formulas for Geometric Sequences

Solution

Analysis

Using Explicit Formulas for Geometric Sequences

Writing Terms of Geometric Sequences Using the Explicit Formula

Solution

Analysis

Writing an Explicit Formula for the nn th Term of a Geometric Sequence

Solution

Solving Application Problems with Geometric Sequences

Solving Application Problems with Geometric Sequences

Solution

9.3 Section Exercises

Verbal

Algebraic

Graphical

Extensions

Writing an Explicit Formula for the $n$ th Term of a Geometric Sequence