Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page
OpenStax Logo
Chemistry: Atoms First

L | Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Chemistry: Atoms FirstL | Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Half-Reaction E° (V)
Ag++e−⟶AgAg++e−⟶Ag +0.7996
AgCl+e−⟶Ag+Cl−AgCl+e−⟶Ag+Cl− +0.22233
[Ag(CN)2]−+e−⟶Ag+2CN−[Ag(CN)2]−+e−⟶Ag+2CN− −0.31
Ag2CrO4+2e−⟶2Ag+CrO42−Ag2CrO4+2e−⟶2Ag+CrO42− +0.45
[Ag(NH3)2]++e−⟶Ag+2NH3[Ag(NH3)2]++e−⟶Ag+2NH3 +0.373
[Ag(S2O3)2]3++e−⟶Ag+2S2O32−[Ag(S2O3)2]3++e−⟶Ag+2S2O32− +0.017
[AlF6]3−+3e−⟶Al+6F−[AlF6]3−+3e−⟶Al+6F− −2.07
Al3++3e−⟶AlAl3++3e−⟶Al −1.662
Am3++3e−⟶AmAm3++3e−⟶Am −2.048
Au3++3e−⟶AuAu3++3e−⟶Au +1.498
Au++e−⟶AuAu++e−⟶Au +1.692
Ba2++2e−⟶BaBa2++2e−⟶Ba −2.912
Be2++2e−⟶BeBe2++2e−⟶Be −1.847
Br2(aq)+2e−⟶2Br−Br2(aq)+2e−⟶2Br− +1.0873
Ca2++2e−⟶CaCa2++2e−⟶Ca −2.868
Ce3+3e−⟶CeCe3+3e−⟶Ce −2.483
Ce4++e−⟶Ce3+Ce4++e−⟶Ce3+ +1.61
Cd2++2e−⟶CdCd2++2e−⟶Cd −0.4030
[Cd(CN)4]2−+2e−⟶Cd+4CN−[Cd(CN)4]2−+2e−⟶Cd+4CN− −1.09
[Cd(NH3)4]2++2e−⟶Cd+4NH3[Cd(NH3)4]2++2e−⟶Cd+4NH3 −0.61
CdS+2e−⟶Cd+S2−CdS+2e−⟶Cd+S2− −1.17
Cl2+2e−⟶2Cl−Cl2+2e−⟶2Cl− +1.35827
ClO4−+H2O+2e−⟶ClO3−+2OH−ClO4−+H2O+2e−⟶ClO3−+2OH− +0.36
ClO3−+H2O+2e−⟶ClO2−+2OH−ClO3−+H2O+2e−⟶ClO2−+2OH− +0.33
ClO2−+H2O+2e−⟶ClO−+2OH−ClO2−+H2O+2e−⟶ClO−+2OH− +0.66
ClO−+H2O+2e−⟶Cl−+2OH−ClO−+H2O+2e−⟶Cl−+2OH− +0.89
ClO4−+2H3O++2e−⟶ClO3−+3H2OClO4−+2H3O++2e−⟶ClO3−+3H2O +1.189
ClO3−+3H3O++2e−⟶HClO2+4H2OClO3−+3H3O++2e−⟶HClO2+4H2O +1.21
HClO+H3O++2e−⟶Cl−+2H2OHClO+H3O++2e−⟶Cl−+2H2O +1.482
HClO+H3O++e−⟶12Cl2+2H2OHClO+H3O++e−⟶12Cl2+2H2O +1.611
HClO2+2H3O++2e−⟶HClO+3H2OHClO2+2H3O++2e−⟶HClO+3H2O +1.628
Co3++e−⟶Co2+(2mol//H2SO4)Co3++e−⟶Co2+(2mol//H2SO4) +1.83
Co2++2e−⟶CoCo2++2e−⟶Co −0.28
[Co(NH3)6]3++e−⟶[Co(NH3)6]2+[Co(NH3)6]3++e−⟶[Co(NH3)6]2+ +0.1
Co(OH)3+e−⟶Co(OH)2+OH−Co(OH)3+e−⟶Co(OH)2+OH− +0.17
Cr3+3e−⟶CrCr3+3e−⟶Cr −0.744
Cr3++e−⟶Cr2+Cr3++e−⟶Cr2+ −0.407
Cr2++2e−⟶CrCr2++2e−⟶Cr −0.913
[Cu(CN)2]−+e−⟶Cu+2CN−[Cu(CN)2]−+e−⟶Cu+2CN− −0.43
CrO42−+4H2O+3e−⟶Cr(OH)3+5OH−CrO42−+4H2O+3e−⟶Cr(OH)3+5OH− −0.13
Cr2O72−+14H3O++6e−⟶2Cr3++21H2OCr2O72−+14H3O++6e−⟶2Cr3++21H2O +1.232
[Cr(OH)4]−+3e−⟶Cr+4OH−[Cr(OH)4]−+3e−⟶Cr+4OH− −1.2
Cr(OH)3+3e−⟶Cr+3OH−Cr(OH)3+3e−⟶Cr+3OH− −1.48
Cu2++e−⟶Cu+Cu2++e−⟶Cu+ +0.153
Cu2++2e−⟶CuCu2++2e−⟶Cu +0.34
Cu++e−⟶CuCu++e−⟶Cu +0.521
F2+2e−⟶2F−F2+2e−⟶2F− +2.866
Fe2++2e−⟶FeFe2++2e−⟶Fe −0.447
Fe3++e−⟶Fe2+Fe3++e−⟶Fe2+ +0.771
[Fe(CN)6]3−+e−⟶[Fe(CN)6]4−[Fe(CN)6]3−+e−⟶[Fe(CN)6]4− +0.36
Fe(OH)2+2e−⟶Fe+2OH−Fe(OH)2+2e−⟶Fe+2OH− −0.88
FeS+2e−⟶Fe+S2−FeS+2e−⟶Fe+S2− −1.01
Ga3++3e−⟶GaGa3++3e−⟶Ga −0.549
Gd3++3e−⟶GdGd3++3e−⟶Gd −2.279
12H2+e−⟶H−12H2+e−⟶H− −2.23
2H2O+2e−⟶H2+2OH−2H2O+2e−⟶H2+2OH− −0.8277
H2O2+2H3O++2e−⟶4H2OH2O2+2H3O++2e−⟶4H2O +1.776
2H3O++2e−⟶H2+2H2O2H3O++2e−⟶H2+2H2O 0.00
HO2−+H2O+2e−⟶3OH−HO2−+H2O+2e−⟶3OH− +0.878
Hf4++4e−⟶HfHf4++4e−⟶Hf −1.55
Hg2++2e−⟶HgHg2++2e−⟶Hg +0.851
2Hg2++2e−⟶Hg22+2Hg2++2e−⟶Hg22+ +0.92
Hg22++2e−⟶2HgHg22++2e−⟶2Hg +0.7973
[HgBr4]2−+2e−⟶Hg+4Br−[HgBr4]2−+2e−⟶Hg+4Br− +0.21
Hg2Cl2+2e−⟶2Hg+2Cl−Hg2Cl2+2e−⟶2Hg+2Cl− +0.26808
[Hg(CN)4]2−+2e−⟶Hg+4CN−[Hg(CN)4]2−+2e−⟶Hg+4CN− −0.37
[HgI4]2−+2e−⟶Hg+4I−[HgI4]2−+2e−⟶Hg+4I− −0.04
HgS+2e−⟶Hg+S2−HgS+2e−⟶Hg+S2− −0.70
I2+2e−⟶2I−I2+2e−⟶2I− +0.5355
In3++3e−⟶InIn3++3e−⟶In −0.3382
K++e−⟶KK++e−⟶K −2.931
La3++3e−⟶LaLa3++3e−⟶La −2.52
Li++e−⟶LiLi++e−⟶Li −3.04
Lu3++3e−⟶LuLu3++3e−⟶Lu −2.28
Mg2++2e−⟶MgMg2++2e−⟶Mg −2.372
Mn2++2e−⟶MnMn2++2e−⟶Mn −1.185
MnO2+2H2O+2e−⟶Mn(OH)2+2OH−MnO2+2H2O+2e−⟶Mn(OH)2+2OH− −0.05
MnO4−+2H2O+3e−⟶MnO2+4OH−MnO4−+2H2O+3e−⟶MnO2+4OH− +0.558
MnO2+4H++2e−⟶Mn2++2H2OMnO2+4H++2e−⟶Mn2++2H2O +1.23
MnO4−+8H++5e−⟶Mn2++4H2OMnO4−+8H++5e−⟶Mn2++4H2O +1.507
Na++e−⟶NaNa++e−⟶Na −2.71
Nd3++3e−⟶NdNd3++3e−⟶Nd −2.323
Ni2++2e−⟶NiNi2++2e−⟶Ni −0.257
[Ni(NH3)6]2++2e−⟶Ni+6NH3[Ni(NH3)6]2++2e−⟶Ni+6NH3 −0.49
NiO2+4H++2e−⟶Ni2++2H2ONiO2+4H++2e−⟶Ni2++2H2O +1.593
NiO2+2H2O+2e−⟶Ni(OH)2+2OH−NiO2+2H2O+2e−⟶Ni(OH)2+2OH− +0.49
NiS+2e−⟶Ni+S2−NiS+2e−⟶Ni+S2− +0.76
NO3−+4H++3e−⟶NO+2H2ONO3−+4H++3e−⟶NO+2H2O +0.957
NO3−+3H++2e−⟶HNO2+H2ONO3−+3H++2e−⟶HNO2+H2O +0.92
NO3−+H2O+2e−⟶NO2−+2OH−NO3−+H2O+2e−⟶NO2−+2OH− +0.10
Np3++3e−⟶NpNp3++3e−⟶Np −1.856
O2+2H2O+4e−⟶4OH−O2+2H2O+4e−⟶4OH− +0.401
O2+2H++2e−⟶H2O2 O2+2H++2e−⟶H2O2 +0.695
O2+4H++4e−⟶2H2OO2+4H++4e−⟶2H2O +1.229
Pb2++2e−⟶PbPb2++2e−⟶Pb −0.1262
PbO2+SO42−+4H++2e−⟶PbSO4+2H2OPbO2+SO42−+4H++2e−⟶PbSO4+2H2O +1.69
PbS+2e−⟶Pb+S2−PbS+2e−⟶Pb+S2− −0.95
PbSO4+2e−⟶Pb+SO42−PbSO4+2e−⟶Pb+SO42− −0.3505
Pd2++2e−⟶PdPd2++2e−⟶Pd +0.987
[PdCl4]2−+2e−⟶Pd+4Cl−[PdCl4]2−+2e−⟶Pd+4Cl− +0.591
Pt2++2e−⟶PtPt2++2e−⟶Pt +1.20
[PtBr4]2−+2e−⟶Pt+4Br−[PtBr4]2−+2e−⟶Pt+4Br− +0.58
[PtCl4]2−+2e−⟶Pt+4Cl−[PtCl4]2−+2e−⟶Pt+4Cl− +0.755
[PtCl6]2−+2e−⟶[PtCl4]2−+2Cl−[PtCl6]2−+2e−⟶[PtCl4]2−+2Cl− +0.68
Pu3+3e−⟶PuPu3+3e−⟶Pu −2.03
Ra2++2e−⟶RaRa2++2e−⟶Ra −2.92
Rb++e−⟶RbRb++e−⟶Rb −2.98
[RhCl6]3−+3e−⟶Rh+6Cl−[RhCl6]3−+3e−⟶Rh+6Cl− +0.44
S+2e−⟶S2−S+2e−⟶S2− −0.47627
S+2H++2e−⟶H2SS+2H++2e−⟶H2S +0.142
Sc3++3e−⟶ScSc3++3e−⟶Sc −2.09
Se+2H++2e−⟶H2SeSe+2H++2e−⟶H2Se −0.399
[SiF6]2−+4e−⟶Si+6F−[SiF6]2−+4e−⟶Si+6F− −1.2
SiO32−+3H2O+4e−⟶Si+6OH−SiO32−+3H2O+4e−⟶Si+6OH− −1.697
SiO2+4H++4e−⟶Si+2H2OSiO2+4H++4e−⟶Si+2H2O −0.86
Sm3++3e−⟶SmSm3++3e−⟶Sm −2.304
Sn4++2e−⟶Sn2+Sn4++2e−⟶Sn2+ +0.151
Sn2++2e−⟶SnSn2++2e−⟶Sn −0.1375
[SnF6]2−+4e−⟶Sn+6F−[SnF6]2−+4e−⟶Sn+6F− −0.25
SnS+2e−⟶Sn+S2−SnS+2e−⟶Sn+S2− −0.94
Sr2++2e−⟶SrSr2++2e−⟶Sr −2.89
TeO2+4H++4e−⟶Te+2H2OTeO2+4H++4e−⟶Te+2H2O +0.593
Th4++4e−⟶ThTh4++4e−⟶Th −1.90
Ti2++2e−⟶TiTi2++2e−⟶Ti −1.630
U3++3e−⟶UU3++3e−⟶U −1.79
V2++2e−⟶VV2++2e−⟶V −1.19
Y3++3e−⟶YY3++3e−⟶Y −2.37
Zn2++2e−⟶ZnZn2++2e−⟶Zn −0.7618
[Zn(CN)4]2−+2e−⟶Zn+4CN−[Zn(CN)4]2−+2e−⟶Zn+4CN− −1.26
[Zn(NH3)4]2++2e−⟶Zn+4NH3[Zn(NH3)4]2++2e−⟶Zn+4NH3 −1.04
Zn(OH)2+2e−⟶Zn+2OH−Zn(OH)2+2e−⟶Zn+2OH− −1.245
[Zn(OH)4]2+2e−⟶Zn+4OH−[Zn(OH)4]2+2e−⟶Zn+4OH− −1.199
ZnS+2e−⟶Zn+S2−ZnS+2e−⟶Zn+S2− −1.40
Zr4+4e−⟶ZrZr4+4e−⟶Zr −1.539
Table L1
PreviousNext
Order a print copy
Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-atoms-first/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-atoms-first/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Feb 15, 2022 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.