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Chemistry: Atoms First

Key Terms

Chemistry: Atoms FirstKey Terms

Key Terms

aqueous solution
solution for which water is the solvent
Avogadro’s number (NA)
experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of substance, equal to 6.022 ×× 1023 mol−1
concentrated
qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration
concentration
quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution
dilute
qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration
dilution
process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes
dissolved
describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent
empirical formula mass
sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula
formula mass
sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass
mass percentage
ratio of solute-to-solution mass expressed as a percentage
mass-volume percent
ratio of solute mass to solution volume, expressed as a percentage
molar mass
mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
molarity (M)
unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution
mole
amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of 12C
parts per billion (ppb)
ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 109
parts per million (ppm)
ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 106
percent composition
percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound
solute
solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent
solvent
solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components
volume percentage
ratio of solute-to-solution volume expressed as a percentage
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