Key Equations

$\%\text{X}=\frac{\text{mass X}}{\text{mass compound}}\times 100\%$

$\frac{\text{molecular or molar mass}\left(\text{amu or}\frac{\text{g}}{\text{mol}}\right)}{\text{empirical formula mass}\left(\text{amu or}\frac{\text{g}}{\text{mol}}\right)}=n\text{formula units/molecule}$

(AxBy)n = AnxBny

$M=\frac{\text{mol solute}}{\text{L solution}}$

C1V1 = C2V2

$\text{Percent by mass}=\frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{mass of solution}}\times 100$

$\text{ppm}=\frac{\text{mass solute}}{\text{mass solution}}\times {10}^6\text{ppm}$

$\text{ppb}=\frac{\text{mass solute}}{\text{mass solution}}\times {10}^9\text{ppb}$