Gilbert Strang; Edwin “Jed” Herman

Review Exercises

True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample.

379.

If $lim_{n \to \infty} a_{n} = 0,$ then $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} a_{n}$ converges.

380.

If $lim_{n \to \infty} a_{n} \neq 0,$ then $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} a_{n}$ diverges.

381.

If $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} | a_{n} |$ converges, then $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} a_{n}$ converges.

382.

If $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} 2^{n} a_{n}$ converges, then $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} {(−2)}^{n} a_{n}$ converges.

Is the sequence bounded, monotone, and convergent or divergent? If it is convergent, find the limit.

383.

$a_{n} = \frac{3 + n^{2}}{1 - n}$

384.

$a_{n} = ln (\frac{1}{n})$

385.

$a_{n} = \frac{ln (n + 1)}{\sqrt{n + 1}}$

386.

$a_{n} = \frac{2^{n + 1}}{5^{n}}$

387.

$a_{n} = \frac{ln (cos n)}{n}$

Is the series convergent or divergent?

388.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{2} + 5 n + 4}$

389.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} ln (\frac{n + 1}{n})$

390.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{n}}{n^{4}}$

391.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{e^{n}}{n!}$

392.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} n^{− (n + 1 / n)}$

Is the series convergent or divergent? If convergent, is it absolutely convergent?

393.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{{(−1)}^{n}}{\sqrt{n}}$

394.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{{(−1)}^{n} n!}{3^{n}}$

395.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{{(−1)}^{n} n!}{n^{n}}$

396.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} sin (\frac{n π}{2})$

397.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} cos (π n) e^{− n}$

Evaluate

398.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{n + 4}}{7^{n}}$

399.

$\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n + 1) (n + 2)}$

400.

A legend from India tells that a mathematician invented chess for a king. The king enjoyed the game so much he allowed the mathematician to demand any payment. The mathematician asked for one grain of rice for the first square on the chessboard, two grains of rice for the second square on the chessboard, four grains of rice for the third square on the chessboard, and so on. Find an exact expression for the total payment (in grains of rice) requested by the mathematician. Assuming there are $30,000$ grains of rice in $1$ pound, and $2000$ pounds in $1$ ton, how many tons of rice did the mathematician attempt to receive?

The following problems consider a simple population model of the housefly, which can be exhibited by the recursive formula $x_{n + 1} = b x_{n},$ where $x_{n}$ is the population of houseflies at generation $n,$ and $b$ is the average number of offspring per housefly who survive to the next generation. Assume a starting population $x_{0} .$

401.

Find $lim_{n \to \infty} x_{n}$ if $b > 1,$ $b < 1,$ and $b = 1 .$

402.

Find an expression for $S_{n} = \sum_{i = 0}^{n} x_{i}$ in terms of $b$ and $x_{0} .$ What does it physically represent?

403.

If $b = \frac{3}{4}$ and $x_{0} = 100,$ find $S_{10}$ and $lim_{n \to \infty} S_{n}$

404.

For what values of $b$ will the series converge and diverge? What does the series converge to?