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Business Ethics

End Notes

Business EthicsEnd Notes
  1. Preface
  2. 1 Why Ethics Matter
    1. Introduction
    2. 1.1 Being a Professional of Integrity
    3. 1.2 Ethics and Profitability
    4. 1.3 Multiple versus Single Ethical Standards
    5. Summary
    6. Key Terms
    7. Assessment Questions
    8. End Notes
  3. 2 Ethics from Antiquity to the Present
    1. Introduction
    2. 2.1 The Concept of Ethical Business in Ancient Athens
    3. 2.2 Ethical Advice for Nobles and Civil Servants in Ancient China
    4. 2.3 Comparing the Virtue Ethics of East and West
    5. 2.4 Utilitarianism: The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
    6. 2.5 Deontology: Ethics as Duty
    7. 2.6 A Theory of Justice
    8. Summary
    9. Key Terms
    10. Assessment Questions
    11. End Notes
  4. 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
    1. Introduction
    2. 3.1 Adopting a Stakeholder Orientation
    3. 3.2 Weighing Stakeholder Claims
    4. 3.3 Ethical Decision-Making and Prioritizing Stakeholders
    5. 3.4 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
    6. Summary
    7. Key Terms
    8. Assessment Questions
    9. End Notes
  5. 4 Three Special Stakeholders: Society, the Environment, and Government
    1. Introduction
    2. 4.1 Corporate Law and Corporate Responsibility
    3. 4.2 Sustainability: Business and the Environment
    4. 4.3 Government and the Private Sector
    5. Summary
    6. Key Terms
    7. Assessment Questions
    8. End Notes
  6. 5 The Impact of Culture and Time on Business Ethics
    1. Introduction
    2. 5.1 The Relationship between Business Ethics and Culture
    3. 5.2 Business Ethics over Time
    4. 5.3 The Influence of Geography and Religion
    5. 5.4 Are the Values Central to Business Ethics Universal?
    6. Summary
    7. Key Terms
    8. Assessment Questions
    9. End Notes
  7. 6 What Employers Owe Employees
    1. Introduction
    2. 6.1 The Workplace Environment and Working Conditions
    3. 6.2 What Constitutes a Fair Wage?
    4. 6.3 An Organized Workforce
    5. 6.4 Privacy in the Workplace
    6. Summary
    7. Key Terms
    8. Assessment Questions
    9. End Notes
  8. 7 What Employees Owe Employers
    1. Introduction
    2. 7.1 Loyalty to the Company
    3. 7.2 Loyalty to the Brand and to Customers
    4. 7.3 Contributing to a Positive Work Atmosphere
    5. 7.4 Financial Integrity
    6. 7.5 Criticism of the Company and Whistleblowing
    7. Summary
    8. Key Terms
    9. Assessment Questions
    10. End Notes
  9. 8 Recognizing and Respecting the Rights of All
    1. Introduction
    2. 8.1 Diversity and Inclusion in the Workforce
    3. 8.2 Accommodating Different Abilities and Faiths
    4. 8.3 Sexual Identification and Orientation
    5. 8.4 Income Inequalities
    6. 8.5 Animal Rights and the Implications for Business
    7. Summary
    8. Key Terms
    9. Assessment Questions
    10. End Notes
  10. 9 Professions under the Microscope
    1. Introduction
    2. 9.1 Entrepreneurship and Start-Up Culture
    3. 9.2 The Influence of Advertising
    4. 9.3 The Insurance Industry
    5. 9.4 Ethical Issues in the Provision of Health Care
    6. Summary
    7. Key Terms
    8. Assessment Questions
    9. End Notes
  11. 10 Changing Work Environments and Future Trends
    1. Introduction
    2. 10.1 More Telecommuting or Less?
    3. 10.2 Workplace Campuses
    4. 10.3 Alternatives to Traditional Patterns of Work
    5. 10.4 Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and the Workplace of the Future
    6. Summary
    7. Key Terms
    8. Assessment Questions
    9. End Notes
  12. 11 Epilogue: Why Ethics Still Matter
    1. Introduction
    2. 11.1 Business Ethics in an Evolving Environment
    3. 11.2 Committing to an Ethical View
    4. 11.3 Becoming an Ethical Professional
    5. 11.4 Making a Difference in the Business World
    6. End Notes
  13. A | The Lives of Ethical Philosophers
  14. B | Profiles in Business Ethics: Contemporary Thought Leaders
  15. C | A Succinct Theory of Business Ethics
  16. Answer Key
    1. Chapter 1
    2. Chapter 2
    3. Chapter 3
    4. Chapter 4
    5. Chapter 5
    6. Chapter 6
    7. Chapter 7
    8. Chapter 8
    9. Chapter 9
    10. Chapter 10
    11. Chapter 11
  17. Index
1Patrick Moorhead, “Cisco’s CSR Program under CEO Chuck Robbins Is Flourishing,” Forbes, March 9, 2016. https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2016/03/09/ciscos-csr-program-under-ceo-chuck-robbins-is-flourishing/#46e003c2574e.
2Dodge v. Ford Motor Company, 204 Mich. 459, 170 N.W. 668 (Mich. 1919).
3Dodge v. Ford Motor Company, 204 Mich. 459, 170 N.W. 668 (Mich. 1919).
4Dodge v. Ford Motor Company, 204 Mich. 459, 170 N.W. 668 (Mich. 1919).
5Shlensky v. Wrigley, 237 N.E. 2d 776 (Ill. App. 1968).
6Shlensky v. Wrigley, 237 N.E. 2d 776 (Ill. App. 1968).
7Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. ________ (2014).
8Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. ________ (2014).
9Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. ________ (2014).
10“Corporate Social Responsibility: The Halo Effect,” The Economist, June 25, 2015. https://www.economist.com/news/business/21656218-do-gooding-policies-help-firms-when-they-get-prosecuted-halo-effect.
11Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1963).
12Lindsay Llewellyn, “Breaking Down the Business-Judgment Rule,” American Bar Association, May 30, 2013.
http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/commercial/articles/spring2013-0513-breaking-down-the-business-judgement-rule.html.
13Stephen Bainbridge, “A Duty to Shareholder Value,” Opinion Pages, New York Times, April 16, 2015.
https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2015/04/16/what-are-corporations-obligations-to-shareholders/a-duty-to-shareholder-value.
14Stephen Bainbridge, “A Duty to Shareholder Value,” Opinion Pages, New York Times, April 16, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2015/04/16/what-are-corporations-obligations-to-shareholders/a-duty-to-shareholder-value.
15Lynn Stout, “Corporations Don’t Have to Maximize Profits,” Opinion Pages, New York Times, April 16, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2015/04/16/what-are-corporations-obligations-to-shareholders/corporations-dont-have-to-maximize-profits.
16Rick Wartzman, “What Peter Drucker Knew About 2020,” Harvard Business Review, October 16, 2014. https://hbr.org/2014/10/what-peter-drucker-knew-about-2020.
17Unilever. https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/values-and-values/.
18Tracey Keys, et al., “Making the Most of Corporate Social Responsibility,” McKenzie Quarterly, December 2009. https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/leadership/making-the-most-of-corporate-social-responsibility.
19Calvert. https://www.calvert.com/.
20H.J. Graham, Everyman’s Constitution. (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1968). See also H.J. Graham, “The ‘Conspiracy Theory’ of the Fourteenth Amendment,” Yale Law Journal 47, no. 3 (1938): 341–403. doi: 10.2307/791947.
21“Ecuador Adopts Rights of Nature in Constitution,” The Rights of Nature. https://therightsofnature.org/ecuador-rights/.
22 M. Triassi, et al., “Environmental Pollution from Illegal Waste Disposal and Health Effects,” Int J Environ Res Public Health 12, no. 2 (2015): 1216–1236. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120201216.
23Gwynn Guilford, Quartz, December 9, 2014. https://qz.com/308970/cruise-ships-dump-1-billion-tons-of-sewage-into-the-ocean-every-year/.
24State of the World 2010 Transforming Cultures from Consumerism to Sustainability. Washington, DC: The Worldwatch Institute, 2010.
25Rights of Nature, “Principles of Earth Jurisprudence.” https://therightsofnature.org/principles-of-earth-jurisprudence/.
26Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 162, no. 3859 (1968): 1243–1248. doi: 10.1126/science.162.3859.1243.
27Jeff Kauflin, “The World’s Most Sustainable Companies 2017,” Forbes, January 17, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2017/01/17/the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-2017/#2773f73a4e9d.
28Corporate Knights, “2018 Global 100.” http://www.corporateknights.com/reports/global-100/.
29Jeff Kauflin, “The World’s Most Sustainable Companies 2017,” Forbes, January 17, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2017/01/17/the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-2017/#2773f73a4e9d.
303BLMedia, “2015 Cisco Corporate Social Responsibility Report: Supply Chain,” 2015. http://3blmedia.com/News/2015-Cisco-Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Report-Supply-Chain.
31McKinsey & Co., “Sustainability’s Strategic Worth,” 2016. http://csr-raadgivning.dk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Sustainabilitys-strategic-worth-McKinsey-Global-Survey-results-McKinsey-July-2014.pdf.
32Paul Raleigh, “Corporate Social Responsibility: Beyond Financials,” Grant Thornton, August 13, 2014. https://www.grantthornton.global/en/insights/articles/Corporate-social-responsibility/.
33Jessica Lyons Hardcastle, “Dell’s Flexible Work Programs Save $12M, Reduce GHGs,” Environmental Leader, July 10, 2014. https://www.environmentalleader.com/2014/07/dells-flexible-work-programs-save-12m-reduce-ghgs/.
34Knut Haanaes, “Making Sustainability Profitable,” Harvard Business Review, March 2013. https://hbr.org/2013/03/making-sustainability-profitable.
35Adam Wernick, “The U.S. Defense Department Takes Climate Change Seriously,” Public Radio International, October 8, 2017. https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-10-08/us-defense-department-takes-climate-change-seriously.
36Union of Concerned Scientists, “Global Warming Impacts.” https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/science-and-impacts/global-warming-impacts#.WjQa11WnF0w.
37Lucy P. Marcus, “Why Strong Ties between Business and Government Matter,” The Guardian, January 4, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jan/04/why-strong-ties-between-business-and-government-matter-r-and-d.
38Union of Concerned Scientists, “Global Warming Impacts.” https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/science-and-impacts/global-warming-impacts#.WjQa11WnF0w.
39National Conference on State Legislatures, “State Plastic and Paper Bag Legislation,” July 5, 2017. http://www.ncsl.org/research/environment-and-natural-resources/plastic-bag-legislation.aspx.
40Elizabeth Chuck, “Hurricane Harvey: How Many Billions of Dollars in Damage Will Historic Storm Cost?” NBC News, August 30, 2017. https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/hurricane-harvey/how-many-billions-damage-will-harvey-cost-s-anyone-s-n797521.
41NASA, “Report on Climate Change,” March 22, 2018. https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/.
42James Brooke, “Waste Dumpers Turning to West Africa,” New York Times, July 17, 1998. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/17/world/waste-dumpers-turning-to-west-africa.html?pagewanted=all.
43Financial Transparency Coalition, “Cross-border Dumping of Hazardous Waste,” August 20, 2010. https://financialtransparency.org/hazardous-waste/.
44Andrew Winston, “Business Owes the World Everything . . . and Nothing,” Harvard Business Review, May 4, 2010. https://hbr.org/2010/05/business-owes-the-world-everyt.html.
45Lew Harris, “Business Owes Significant Obligations to Society,” Newswise, February 23, 2000. https://www.newswise.com/articles/business-owes-significant-obligations-to-society.
46Climate Leadership Council, “The Four Pillars of Our Carbon Dividends Plan.” https://www.clcouncil.org/our-plan/.
47John Schwartz, “Exxon Mobil Lends Its Support to a Carbon Tax Proposal,” New York Times, June 20, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/20/science/exxon-carbon-tax.html.
48John Schwartz, “Exxon Mobil Lends Its Support to a Carbon Tax Proposal,” New York Times, June 20, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/20/science/exxon-carbon-tax.html.
49Katy Lederer, “Why Can’t Republicans Support a Carbon Tax?” The New Yorker, November 9, 2015. https://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/why-cant-republicans-support-a-carbon-tax.
50Lauren Rosenbaum, “The growing complexity of social and economic challenges is driving new, innovative forms of collaboration between governments and businesses.” Deloitte, March, 19, 2013. https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/business-trends/2013/partnerships-for-the-future.html.
51U.S. Department of Justice, “Under Agreement with United States and State of Texas, Vopak to Reduce Hazardous Air Pollution at Chemical Storage Facility,” May 17, 2017. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/under-agreement-united-states-and-state-texas-vopak-reduce-hazardous-air-pollution-chemical.
52U.S. Department of Justice, “State-Federal Cooperation in Environmental Enforcement,” May 24, 2017. https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/blog/state-federal-cooperation-environmental-enforcement.
53Ben Wolfgang, “Environmentalists, Tribes Promise Dakota Access-style Camps, Protests to Stop Keystone XL Pipeline,” The Washington Times, March 24, 2017. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/24/keystone-xl-pipeline-environmentalists-tribes-prom/.
54Oliver Laughland and Laurence Mathieu-Léger, “Keystone Pipeline Defiance Triggers Further Assault on Citizens’ Rights,” The Guardian, May 3, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/03/keystone-pipeline-protests-land-rights-south-dakota.
55World Health Organization, “Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health,” 2011. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/msbgsruprofiles.pdf.
56Larry Merlo, “Message from Larry Merlo, President and CEO,” February 5, 2014. https://cvshealth.com/thought-leadership/message-from-larry-merlo-president-and-ceo.
57Louis Jacobson, “Counting Up How Much the NRA Spends on Campaigns and Lobbying,” Politifact, October 11, 2017. http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/oct/11/counting-up-how-much-nra-spends/.
58Mattie Quinn, “The Opioid Files: Hundreds of States and Cities Are Suing Drug Companies,” Governing, November 13, 2017. http://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-opioid-lawsuits-companies-states-cities.html.
59Owen Amos, “Why Opioids Are Such an American Problem?” BBC News, October 25, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41701718.
60Matthew Prescott, “Why Animal Cruelty Is Bad Business,” Fortune, June 23, 2017. http://fortune.com/2017/06/23/animal-cruelty-stop-human-society-welfare-businesses-companies/.
61“Egg Markets Overview,” USDA AMS Agricultural Analytics Division, July 20, 2018. https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Egg%20Markets%20Overview.pdf.
62Matthew Prescott, “Why Animal Cruelty Is Bad Business,” Fortune, June 23, 2017. http://fortune.com/2017/06/23/animal-cruelty-stop-human-society-welfare-businesses-companies/.
63Janet Yellen, “Financial Stability a Decade after the Onset of the Crisis,” Symposium Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, August 25, 2017. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/yellen20170825a.htm.
64Dave Nadler and Ryan P. McGovern, “Top Ten Things Every Government Contractor Should Know about Post-Government Employment and ‘Revolving Door’ Restrictions,” Association of Corporate Counsel, September 2015. http://www.acc.com/_cs_upload/vl/membersonly/InfoPAK/584525_11.pdf.
65Dave Nadler and Ryan P. McGovern, “Top Ten Things Every Government Contractor Should Know about Post-Government Employment and ‘Revolving Door’ Restrictions,” Association of Corporate Counsel, June 18, 2013. http://www.acc.com/legalresources/publications/topten/tttegcskapeardr.cfm?bcsi-ac-a70e1c0dc9ec8868=2719437500000002IZDw7%2FkDT%2FHOA2foH2ESHqJFX%2FQEYQAAAgAAAD+gbAGEAwAAUgAAAHsnLwA.
66Dave Nadler and Ryan P. McGovern, “Top Ten Things Every Government Contractor Should Know about Post-Government Employment and ‘Revolving Door’ Restrictions,” Association of Corporate Counsel, June 18, 2013.
67David M. Cohen, “Amateur Government: When Political Appointees Manage the Federal Bureaucracy,” The Brookings Institution, 1996. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/amateur.pdf.
68EPA, “Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill.” https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill.
69Debbie Elliott, “5 Years after BP Oil Spill, Effects Linger and Recovery Is Slow,” NPR, April 20, 2015. https://www.npr.org/2015/04/20/400374744/5-years-after-bp-oil-spill-effects-linger-and-recovery-is-slow
70Russell Gold, et al., “Leaking Oil Well Lacked Safeguard Device,” Wall Street Journal, April 28, 2010. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704423504575212031417936798.
71Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010).
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