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Biology

Review Questions

BiologyReview Questions

4.

Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?

  1. only the transcriptional level
  2. epigenetic and transcriptional levels
  3. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels
  4. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
5.

Post-translational control refers to:

  1. regulation of gene expression after transcription
  2. regulation of gene expression after translation
  3. control of epigenetic activation
  4. period between transcription and translation
6.

If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac operon will be ________.

  1. activated
  2. repressed
  3. activated, but only partially
  4. mutated
7.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the genes in prokaryotic cells are:

  1. all expressed, all of the time
  2. transcribed and translated almost simultaneously
  3. transcriptionally controlled because translation begins before transcription ends
  4. b and c are both true
8.

What are epigenetic modifications?

  1. the addition of reversible changes to histone proteins and DNA
  2. the removal of nucleosomes from the DNA
  3. the addition of more nucleosomes to the DNA
  4. mutation of the DNA sequence
9.

Which of the following are true of epigenetic changes?

  1. allow DNA to be transcribed
  2. move histones to open or close a chromosomal region
  3. are temporary
  4. all of the above
10.

The binding of ________ is required for transcription to start.

  1. a protein
  2. DNA polymerase
  3. RNA polymerase
  4. a transcription factor
11.

What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?

  1. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene
  2. increased transcription of a distant gene
  3. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene
  4. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase
12.

Which of the following are involved in post-transcriptional control?

  1. control of RNA splicing
  2. control of RNA shuttling
  3. control of RNA stability
  4. all of the above
13.

Binding of an RNA binding protein will ________ the stability of the RNA molecule.

  1. increase
  2. decrease
  3. neither increase nor decrease
  4. either increase or decrease
14.

Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following?

  1. protein function
  2. transcriptional regulation
  3. chromatin modification
  4. all of the above
15.

Cancer causing genes are called ________.

  1. transformation genes
  2. tumor suppressor genes
  3. oncogenes
  4. mutated genes
16.

Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient?

  1. patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells
  2. patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor
  3. patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
  4. patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
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