The Karner blue butterfly has been declared an endangered species. It is dependent on wild lupine for larval development. The butterfly species, which was found abundantly in Indiana Dunes National Park, is now found further North in Wisconsin and Michigan. Wild lupine has been destroyed in areas where it grew abundantly because of development and construction in the open grasslands where it prefers to grow. Which of the following biotic factors are present in the community?
Karner blue butterfly
Karner blue butterfly and wild lupine
Karner blue butterfly, wild lupine, and fire
Karner blue butterfly, wild lupine, and grasslands
59.
In a temperate grassland system area of North America, vegetation has been destroyed by fire. What will happen to the net primary productivity and the local ecosystem when rains return in the next season?
The grasses will grow back, but the herbivores that lived there will not return, as they would have found new land to live on. Therefore, the net primary productivity would decrease.
The grasses will not grow back, therefore the herbivores that lived there will not return. Thus, the net primary productivity would decrease.
The grasses will grow back and the herbivores that lived there will return. The net primary productivity should also be similar to the previous season.
The grasses will grow back and the herbivores that lived there will return. The net primary productivity would be less than the previous season.
60.
The Karner blue butterfly larva secretes a carbohydrate, which is a source of energy for ants. In turn, ants tend to the larva, increasing its likelihood to grow into an adult butterfly. Make a claim for what type of interaction this represents.
coevolution
competition
mutualism
parasitism
61.
A lake in the Midwest witnesses a sudden increase in the algae population (algae bloom) that covers the lake. The factors that affect net primary productivity are __.
Light and nutrient availability
predation by primary consumers
pollution
carbon d oxide
62.
(credit: modification of work by Haibin Song/ResearchGate)
The graph shows temperatures measured at various depths in oceans and the seas.
Make a claim based on this graph.
Temperature constantly decreases with increasing depth.
Temperature initially decreases fast with increasing depth. After a while it the rate of the decrease becomes very small.
Temperature initially decreases slowly with increasing depth. After a while it the rate of the decrease becomes very large.
Temperature is not related to depth in the oceans and the seas.
63.
You are asked to estimate the nutrient content of a lake and its possible effect on net primary productivity. What data will you collect to determine the effect?
Sample water from different parts of the lake and determine nutrient composition
Sample the carbon content of the phytoplankton growing
Take sample of lake water and artificially enrich it, then see the effect of the enrichment on phytoplankton growth compared with growth in unenriched lake water
Wait for spring turnover to check for nutrients found in the ocean floor
64.
(credit: modification of work by Fred Van Dyke and Rachel L. Lamb/SpringerLink)
The graph shows how many species of vascular (more advanced) plants are at each latitude. Latitude is 0° at equator and 90° at each of the two poles.
Make a claim about this graph.
There are no vascular plants at latitudes above 60°.
There total biomass of vascular plants decreases as latitude gets higher.
There are few species of vascular plants that have adapted to living at higher latitudes.
At higher latitudes, nonvascular plant dominate the environment.
65.
In a forest fire, many oak trees were destroyed. After the fire, numerous taller trees replaced the oak trees. What is the best explanation of this event?
The tall trees grow faster and create a canopy, which did not allow oak trees to grow.
The burning of the trees changed the pH of the soil, which did not allow oak to grow.
Roots of shrubs and trees proliferate, taking over the place of the oak trees.
Oak trees succumb to pests, thus other pest resistant trees are able to proliferate.
66.
What are possible consequences if there is a big oil spill in the middle of the ocean? How will it affect the biodiversity and the net primary productivity? What are some strategies to clean up this oil spill?
Oil spills increase the amount of light and oxygen entering the ocean. The phytoplanktons may perish. Presence of oil would limit mobility of marine animals and may result in death. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up.
Oil spills increase the amount of light and oxygen entering the ocean. The phytoplanktons may increase. The mobility of marine animals increases. Biodiversity and, therefore, net primary productivity increases. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up.
Oil spills cover the surface of the ocean, reducing the amount of light entering the ocean. The marine organisms that can survive independent of light will not be affected. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up.
Oil spills cover the surface of the ocean, reducing the amount of light and oxygen entering the ocean. The phytoplankton may perish. Presence of oil would limit mobility of marine animals and may result in death. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up.
67.
(credit: modification of work from Robert Simmon/Earth Observatory)
The graph shows carbon dioxide emissions by humans between 1850 and 2019.
Make a claim based on this graph.
Human-caused carbon dioxide emissions were negligibly low in early 1800s.
Human-caused carbon dioxide emissions remained constant between 1900 and 1950.
After 2010, human-caused carbon emissions decreased every year.
Between 1875 and 2010, human-caused carbon emissions increased every year.
68.
What are possible short-term and long-term effects of natural and human-induced processes on global climate change and, consequently, ecosystems?
Short term changes include melting of glaciers, rise in levels of water bodies which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem and animals, and so on. Long-term changes experienced could include changes in seasonal patterns, unseasonal rainfall, and changes in the life cycle of insects.
Short term changes include changes in seasonal patterns, unseasonal rainfall, changes in the life cycle of insects and animals, and so on. Long-term changes could be change in flowering times of flowers, and the rise in levels of water bodies, which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem.
Short-term changes include changes in seasonal patterns,unseasonal rainfall, changes in the life cycle of insects and animals, and so on. Long-term changes could be melting of glaciers, and a rise in levels of water bodies which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem.
Short term changes include melting of glaciers, unseasonal rainfall, changes in the life cycle of insects and animals, etc. Long-term changes could be rise in levels of water bodies which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem.
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