Review Questions

The energy currency used by cells is ________.

1. ATP
2. ADP
3. AMP
4. adenosine

A reducing chemical reaction ________.

1. reduces the compound to a simpler form
2. adds an electron to the substrate
3. removes a hydrogen atom from the substrate
4. is a catabolic reaction

During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?

1. ATP is used up.
2. Fructose is split in two.
3. ATP is made.
4. Glucose becomes fructose.

What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group?

1. oxygen
2. ATP
3. B vitamin
4. carbon dioxide

What do the electrons added to NAD⁺ do?

1. They become part of a fermentation pathway.
2. They go to another pathway for ATP production.
3. They energize the entry of the acetyl group into the citric acid cycle.
4. They are converted to NADP.

GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of ________.

1. isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate
2. succinyl CoA into succinate
3. fumarate into malate
4. malate into oxaloacetate

How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle?

1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four

What compound receives electrons from NADH?

1. FMN
2. ubiquinone
3. cytochrome c₁
4. oxygen

Chemiosmosis involves ________.

1. the movement of electrons across the cell membrane
2. the movement of hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane
3. the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
4. the movement of glucose through the cell membrane

Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?

1. lactic acid fermentation
2. alcohol fermentation
3. mixed acid fermentation
4. propionic fermentation

A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is ________.

1. glucose-6-phosphate
2. fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
4. phosphoenolpyruvate

Beta-oxidation is ________.

1. the breakdown of sugars
2. the assembly of sugars
3. the breakdown of fatty acids
4. the removal of amino groups from amino acids

The effect of high levels of ADP is to ________ in cellular respiration.

1. increase the activity of specific enzymes
2. decrease the activity of specific enzymes
3. have no effect on the activity of specific enzymes
4. slow down the pathway

The control of which enzyme exerts the most control on glycolysis?

1. hexokinase
2. phosphofructokinase
3. glucose-6-phosphatase
4. aldolase