Review Questions

Which of the following is a pseudo-ruminant?

1. cow
2. pig
3. crow
4. horse

Which of the following statements is untrue?

1. Roughage takes a long time to digest.
2. Birds eat large quantities at one time so that they can fly long distances.
3. Cows do not have upper teeth.
4. In pseudo-ruminants, roughage is digested in the cecum.

The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by ________.

1. potassium hydroxide
2. sodium hydroxide
3. bicarbonates
4. vinegar

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the ________.

1. stomach
2. liver
3. duodenum
4. colon

A scientist dissects a new species of animal. If the animal’s digestive system has a single stomach with an extended small intestine, to which animal could the dissected specimen be closely related?

1. lion
2. snowshoe hare
3. earthworm
4. eagle

Which of the following statements is not true?

1. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
2. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function.
3. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet.
4. Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

1. vitamin A
2. vitamin E
3. vitamin K
4. vitamin C

What is the primary fuel for the body?

1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. protein
4. glycogen

Excess glucose is stored as ________.

1. fat
2. glucagon
3. glycogen
4. it is not stored in the body

Many distance runners “carb load” the day before a big race. How does this eating strategy provide an advantage to the runner?

1. The carbohydrates cause the release of insulin.
2. The excess carbohydrates are converted to fats, which have a higher calorie density.
3. The glucose from the carbohydrates lets the muscles make excess ATP overnight.
4. The excess carbohydrates can be stored in the muscles as glycogen.

Where does the majority of protein digestion take place?

1. stomach
2. duodenum
3. mouth
4. jejunum

Lipases are enzymes that breakdown ________.

1. disaccharides
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. cellulose

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause constipation?

1. bacterial infection
2. dehydration
3. ulcer
4. excessive cellulose consumption

Which hormone controls the release of bile from the gallbladder

1. pepsin
2. amylase
3. CCK
4. gastrin

Which hormone stops acid secretion in the stomach?

1. gastrin
2. somatostatin
3. gastric inhibitory peptide
4. CCK

In the famous conditioning experiment, Pavlov demonstrated that his dogs started drooling in response to a bell sounding. What part of the digestive process did he stimulate?

1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
4. elimination phase