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Anatomy and Physiology

Review Questions

Anatomy and PhysiologyReview Questions
1.

A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide in what kind of reaction?

  1. oxidation–reduction reaction
  2. anabolic reaction
  3. catabolic reaction
  4. biosynthetic reaction
2.

If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions, the result will be ________.

  1. weight loss
  2. weight gain
  3. metabolic rate change
  4. development of disease
3.

When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.

  1. reduced
  2. oxidized
  3. metabolized
  4. hydrolyzed
4.

Anabolic reactions use energy by ________.

  1. turning ADP into ATP
  2. removing a phosphate group from ATP
  3. producing heat
  4. breaking down molecules into smaller parts
5.

Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is ________.

  1. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactate
  2. ATP, carbon, pyruvate
  3. pyruvate, oxygen, lactate
  4. pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA
6.

The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and ________ are produced.

  1. acetyl CoA; FAD, NAD
  2. acetyl CoA; FADH2; NADH
  3. pyruvate; NAD; FADH2
  4. pyruvate; oxygen; oxaloacetate
7.

Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?

  1. lactic acid fermentation
  2. the Krebs cycle
  3. the electron transport chain
  4. glycolysis
8.

Aerobic cellular respiration results in the production of these two products.

  1. NADH and FADH2
  2. ATP and pyruvate
  3. ATP and glucose
  4. ATP and H2O
9.

When NAD+ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.

  1. reduced
  2. oxidized
  3. metabolized
  4. hydrolyzed
10.

Lipids in the diet can be ________.

  1. broken down into energy for the body
  2. stored as triglycerides for later use
  3. converted into acetyl CoA
  4. all of the above
11.

The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in transport of lipids across the intestinal membrane.

  1. lipases
  2. cholesterol
  3. proteins
  4. bile salts
12.

Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons because ________.

  1. they cannot move easily in the blood stream because they are fat based, while the blood is water based
  2. they are too small to move by themselves
  3. the chylomicrons contain enzymes they need for anabolism
  4. they cannot fit across the intestinal membrane
13.

Which molecule produces the most ATP?

  1. carbohydrates
  2. FADH2
  3. triglycerides
  4. NADH
14.

Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?

  1. chylomicrons
  2. acetyl CoA
  3. monoglycerides
  4. ketone bodies
15.

Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the following except ________.

  1. ketone bodies
  2. fatty acids
  3. polysaccharides
  4. triglycerides
16.

Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where ________ and ________ mix with food to break down protein into ________.

  1. stomach; amylase; HCl; amino acids
  2. mouth; pepsin; HCl; fatty acids
  3. stomach; lipase; HCl; amino acids
  4. stomach; pepsin; HCl; amino acids
17.

Amino acids are needed to ________.

  1. build new proteins
  2. serve as fat stores
  3. supply energy for the cell
  4. create red blood cells
18.

If an amino acid is not used to create new proteins, it can be ________.

  1. converted to acetyl CoA
  2. converted to glucose or ketones
  3. converted to nitrogen
  4. stored to be used later
19.

During the absorptive state, glucose levels are ________, insulin levels are ________, and glucagon levels ________.

  1. high; low; stay the same
  2. low; low; stay the same
  3. high; high; are high
  4. high; high; are low
20.

Starvation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food. Which hormones change in response to low glucose levels?

  1. glucagon and insulin
  2. ketones and glucagon
  3. insulin, glucose, and glucagon
  4. insulin and ketones
21.

The postabsorptive state relies on stores of ________ in the ________.

  1. insulin; pancreas
  2. glucagon; pancreas
  3. glycogen; liver
  4. glucose; liver
22.

The body’s temperature is controlled by the ________. This temperature is always kept between ________.

  1. pituitary; 36.5–37.5 °C
  2. hypothalamus; 97.7–99.5 °F
  3. hypothalamus; 36.5–37.5 °F
  4. pituitary; 97.7–99.5 °F
23.

Fever increases the body temperature and can induce chills to help cool the temperature back down. What other mechanisms are in place to regulate the body temperature?

  1. shivering
  2. sweating
  3. erection of the hairs on the arms and legs
  4. all of the above
24.

The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up was transferred from your skin via ________.

  1. conduction
  2. convection
  3. radiation
  4. evaporation
25.

A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of ________.

  1. conduction
  2. convection
  3. radiation
  4. evaporation
26.

A deficiency in vitamin A can result in ________.

  1. improper bone development
  2. scurvy
  3. improper eye development or sight
  4. all of the above
27.

Rickets results in improper bone development in children that arises from the malabsorption of calcium and a deficiency in ________.

  1. vitamin D
  2. vitamin C
  3. vitamin B12
  4. niacin
28.

Consuming which type of food will help the most with weight loss?

  1. fats
  2. vegetables
  3. lean meats
  4. fruits
29.

Which of the following is stored in the body?

  1. thiamine
  2. phosphorous
  3. folic acid
  4. vitamin C
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