Symbols
A
abdominal aorta
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
abdominopelvic cavity
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
abducens nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
Abduction
9.5 Types of Body Movements
abductor
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
abductor digiti minimi
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
abductor pollicis brevis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
abductor pollicis longus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
ABO blood group
18.6 Blood Typing
absolute refractory period
12.4 The Action Potential
absorptive state
24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
accessory digestive organ
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
Acclimatization
22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
accommodation
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
accommodation–convergence reflex
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
acetabular labrum
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
acetabulum
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
acromegaly
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
acromial end of the clavicle
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acromial process
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acromioclavicular joint
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acromion
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acrosomal reaction
28.1 Fertilization
acrosome
28.1 Fertilization
actin
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
activation energy
2.3 Chemical Reactions
activation gate
12.4 The Action Potential
Active immunity
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
active transport
3.1 The Cell Membrane
Acute inflammation
21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Acute mountain sickness (AMS)
22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
adaptive immune response
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
adduction
9.5 Types of Body Movements
adductor
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
adductor brevis
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
adductor longus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
adductor magnus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
adductor pollicis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
adductor tubercle
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
1.3 Functions of Human Life ,
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
adenylyl cyclase
17.2 Hormones
Adipocytes
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Adipose tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
adrenal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
adrenal cortex
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
adrenal glands
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
adrenal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Aerobic respiration
10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
afferent branch
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
afferent lymphatic vessels
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Afterload
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
agglutination
18.6 Blood Typing
agonist
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems ,
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
agranular leukocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
alar cartilage
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alar plate
13.2 The Central Nervous System
alarm reaction
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
Albinism
5.1 Layers of the Skin
Albumin
18.1 An Overview of Blood
Aldosterone
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
alimentary canal
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
Alkaloids
14.1 Sensory Perception
allantois
28.2 Embryonic Development
allele
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
alpha (α)-adrenergic receptor
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
alpha cell
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
Alveolar dead space
22.3 The Process of Breathing
alveolar duct
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alveolar macrophage
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alveolar pores
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Alveolar process of the mandible
7.2 The Skull
alveolar process of the maxilla
7.2 The Skull
alveolar sac
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
amacrine cells
14.1 Sensory Perception
aminopeptidase
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
amnion
28.2 Embryonic Development
amniotic cavity
28.2 Embryonic Development
amphiarthrosis
9.1 Classification of Joints
amphipathic
3.1 The Cell Membrane
amygdala
13.2 The Central Nervous System
Anabolic hormones
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
anabolic reactions
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
anal canal
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
anal column
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
anal sinus
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
anal triangle
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
Anaphase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
Anaphylactic shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
anastomosis
19.1 Heart Anatomy
anatomical dead space
22.3 The Process of Breathing
anatomical neck
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
anatomical position
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
anatomical sphincter
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
anchoring junction
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
anemia
18.3 Erythrocytes
angiogenesis
10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance ,
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
angiotensin I
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
Angiotensin II
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
angiotensin-converting enzyme
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
angiotensinogen
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
angle of the mandible
7.2 The Skull
angle of the rib
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
anion
2.2 Chemical Bonds
ankle joint
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
annular ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
anosmia
14.1 Sensory Perception
antagonist
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems ,
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
Anterior
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
anterior (ventral) sacral foramen
7.3 The Vertebral Column
anterior arch
7.3 The Vertebral Column
anterior border of the tibia
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
anterior cardiac veins
19.1 Heart Anatomy
anterior cerebral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterior columns
13.2 The Central Nervous System
anterior communicating artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterior compartment of the arm
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
anterior compartment of the forearm
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
anterior compartment of the leg
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
anterior compartment of the thigh
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
anterior corticospinal tract
14.3 Motor Responses
anterior cranial fossa
7.2 The Skull
anterior cruciate ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
anterior horn
13.2 The Central Nervous System
anterior inferior iliac spine
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
anterior interventricular artery
19.1 Heart Anatomy
anterior interventricular sulcus
19.1 Heart Anatomy
anterior longitudinal ligament
7.3 The Vertebral Column
anterior median fissure
13.2 The Central Nervous System
anterior sacroiliac ligament
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
anterior scalene
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
anterior spinal artery
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
anterior superior iliac spine
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
anterior talofibular ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
anterior tibial artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterior tibial vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterograde amnesia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
antibodies
18.1 An Overview of Blood
anticholinergic drugs
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
anticoagulant
18.5 Hemostasis
anticodon
3.4 Protein Synthesis
antigen presentation
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Antigen processing
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
antigenic determinant
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Antithrombin
18.5 Hemostasis
anulus fibrosus
7.3 The Vertebral Column
aortic arch
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
aortic hiatus
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
aortic sinuses
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
aortic valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
aphasia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
apical
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
apical ectodermal ridge
8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
apneustic center
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Apocrine secretion
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
apocrine sweat gland
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
aponeurosis
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
Apoptosis
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
appendicular
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
appendicular skeleton
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
appendix
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
aquaporin
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
aqueous humor
14.1 Sensory Perception
arachnoid granulations
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
arachnoid mater
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
arachnoid trabeculae
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
arcuate line of the ilium
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
Areolar tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
arrector pili
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
arterial circle
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
arteriovenous anastomosis
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
articular capsule
9.4 Synovial Joints
articular disc
9.4 Synovial Joints
Articular tubercle
7.2 The Skull
artificial pacemaker
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
ascending aorta
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ascending colon
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
ascending pathway
14.2 Central Processing
Ascending tracts
13.2 The Central Nervous System
association area
14.2 Central Processing
atlanto-occipital joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
atlantoaxial joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
atlas
7.3 The Vertebral Column
Atmospheric pressure
22.3 The Process of Breathing
atomic number
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
ATP synthase
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
atrioventricular (AV) node
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
atrioventricular bundle
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
atrioventricular bundle branches
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
atrioventricular septum
19.1 Heart Anatomy
atrioventricular valves
19.1 Heart Anatomy
atrium
19.1 Heart Anatomy
audition
14.1 Sensory Perception
auricular surface of the ilium
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
autocrine
17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
autosomal chromosomes
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
autosomal dominant
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
autosomal recessive
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
axial skeleton
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
axillary artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
axillary nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
axillary vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
axon hillock
12.2 Nervous Tissue
axon segment
12.2 Nervous Tissue
axon terminal
12.2 Nervous Tissue
axoplasm
12.2 Nervous Tissue
azygos vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
B
B lymphocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Babinski sign
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Bachmann’s bundle
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
bacterial flora
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
Bainbridge reflex
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
ball-and-socket joint
9.4 Synovial Joints
baroreceptor
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
baroreceptor reflex
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
Barrier defenses
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Bartholin’s glands
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
basal cell
5.1 Layers of the Skin
Basal cell carcinoma
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
basal forebrain
13.2 The Central Nervous System
basal lamina
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
basal nuclei
13.2 The Central Nervous System
basal plate
13.2 The Central Nervous System
base of the metatarsal bone
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
basement membrane
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
basilar membrane
14.1 Sensory Perception
basilic vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Basophils
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
beta (β)-adrenergic receptor
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
beta (β)-hydroxybutyrate
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
beta (β)-oxidation
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
beta cell
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
Betz cells
14.3 Motor Responses
biaxial joint
9.1 Classification of Joints
biceps brachii
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
bicipital groove
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
bicuspid valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
bile salts
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
bilirubin
18.3 Erythrocytes ,
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
biliverdin
18.3 Erythrocytes
binocular depth cues
14.2 Central Processing
biogenic amine
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
biosynthesis reactions
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
bipennate
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Bipolar
12.2 Nervous Tissue
bipolar cells
14.1 Sensory Perception
blastocoel
28.2 Embryonic Development
blastocyst
28.2 Embryonic Development
blastomere
28.2 Embryonic Development
blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)
20.3 Capillary Exchange
Blood hydrostatic pressure
20.3 Capillary Exchange
blood islands
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
blood pressure
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
blood-brain barrier (BBB)
12.2 Nervous Tissue
blood–testis barrier
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
body
23.4 The Stomach
body mass index (BMI)
24.7 Nutrition and Diet
body of the rib
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
Bohr effect
22.5 Transport of Gases
bond
2.2 Chemical Bonds
bone marrow
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
bone marrow biopsy
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
bone marrow transplant
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Bowman’s capsule
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
Boyle’s law
22.3 The Process of Breathing
brachial artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
brachial plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
brachial vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
brachiocephalic vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
brachioradialis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
brain case
7.2 The Skull
brain stem
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Braxton Hicks contractions
28.4 Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
brevis
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Brodmann’s areas
13.2 The Central Nervous System
bronchial artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
bronchial bud
22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
bronchial tree
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
bronchial vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
bronchoconstriction
22.2 The Lungs
bronchodilation
22.2 The Lungs
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
brown adipose tissue
28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
bruise
18.3 Erythrocytes
buffy coat
18.1 An Overview of Blood
bulbourethral glands
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
bulbus cordis
19.5 Development of the Heart
bundle of His
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
bursa
9.4 Synovial Joints
C
calcaneal tendon
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
calcaneofibular ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
calcaneus
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
calcitonin
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
calmodulin
10.8 Smooth Muscle
Calorie
24.7 Nutrition and Diet
calvaria
7.2 The Skull
calyces
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
canaliculi
6.3 Bone Structure
capacitance
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capacitance vessels
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capacitation
28.1 Fertilization
capillary bed
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
20.3 Capillary Exchange
capitate
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
capitulum
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
capsaicin
14.1 Sensory Perception
carbohydrate
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)
22.5 Transport of Gases
cardia
23.4 The Stomach
cardiac accelerator nerves
15.3 Central Control
cardiac cycle
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac output (CO)
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac plexus
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac reflexes
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac reserve
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac skeleton
19.1 Heart Anatomy
cardiogenic area
19.5 Development of the Heart
cardiogenic cords
19.5 Development of the Heart
Cardiogenic shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
cardiomyocyte
19.1 Heart Anatomy
cardiovascular center
15.3 Central Control
carotid sinuses
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
carpal bone
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
carpal tunnel
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
carpometacarpal joint
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
carrier
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
cartilage
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
cartilaginous joint
9.1 Classification of Joints
Catabolic hormones
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
Catabolic reactions
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
catalyst
2.3 Chemical Reactions
cation
2.2 Chemical Bonds
cauda equina
13.2 The Central Nervous System
caudal
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
caudate
13.2 The Central Nervous System
caval opening
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
cavernous sinus
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
celiac ganglion
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
celiac trunk
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cell cycle
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cell junction
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
cell membrane
3.1 The Cell Membrane
cellular respiration
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
central chemoreceptor
22.3 The Process of Breathing
central nervous system (CNS)
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
central neuron
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
central sulcus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
Central tolerance
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
centromere
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
centrosome
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cephalic flexure
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
cephalic phase
23.4 The Stomach
cephalic vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cerebellum
13.2 The Central Nervous System
cerebral aqueduct
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
cerebral hemisphere
13.2 The Central Nervous System
cerebral peduncles
14.3 Motor Responses
cerebrocerebellum
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
12.2 Nervous Tissue
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cerebrum
13.2 The Central Nervous System
cervical curve
7.3 The Vertebral Column
cervical enlargement
14.3 Motor Responses
cervical plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
cervical vertebrae
7.3 The Vertebral Column
channel protein
3.1 The Cell Membrane
check reflex
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
checkpoint
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
chemical digestion
23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
Chemical energy
2.3 Chemical Reactions
chemical synapse
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
chemoreceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
chief cells
23.4 The Stomach
chief sensory nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
chloride shift
22.5 Transport of Gases
cholecystokinin (CCK)
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
cholinergic
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
cholinergic system
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
chondrocytes
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
chordae tendineae
19.1 Heart Anatomy
chorion
28.2 Embryonic Development
chorionic membrane
28.2 Embryonic Development
chorionic villi
28.2 Embryonic Development
choroid
14.1 Sensory Perception
chromaffin
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
chromaffin cells
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
chromatin
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
chromosome
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
Chronic inflammation
21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
chylomicrons
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
chymotrypsin
24.4 Protein Metabolism
chymotrypsinogen
24.4 Protein Metabolism
ciliary body
14.1 Sensory Perception
ciliary ganglion
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
circadian rhythm
14.2 Central Processing
circular fold
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
circulatory shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
Circumduction
9.5 Types of Body Movements
circumflex artery
19.1 Heart Anatomy
cisterna chyli
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
citric acid cycle
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
clasp-knife response
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Class switching
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
clavicle
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
clavicular notch
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
cleavage
28.2 Embryonic Development
cleavage furrow
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
clonal deletion
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
closed reduction
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
Clotting
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
clotting factors
18.5 Hemostasis
coagulation
18.5 Hemostasis
cochlea
14.1 Sensory Perception
cochlear duct
14.1 Sensory Perception
Codominance
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
codon
3.4 Protein Synthesis
Collagen fiber
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Collateral ganglia
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
colostrum
28.6 Lactation
common carotid arteries
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
common carotid artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common hepatic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common hepatic duct
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
common iliac artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common iliac vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common pathway
18.5 Hemostasis
compact bone
6.3 Bone Structure
compressor urethrae
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
Computed tomography (CT)
1.7 Medical Imaging
concentration
2.3 Chemical Reactions
concentration gradient
3.1 The Cell Membrane
concentric contraction
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
conceptus
28.2 Embryonic Development
conducting zone
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Conduction
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
Conduction aphasia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
conductive hearing
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
condylar process of the mandible
7.2 The Skull
condyle
7.2 The Skull
condyloid joint
9.4 Synovial Joints
cone photoreceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
conjugate gaze
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Connective tissue
4.1 Types of Tissues
connective tissue membrane
4.1 Types of Tissues
Connective tissue proper
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
constant region domain
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
continuous capillary
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
continuous conduction
12.4 The Action Potential
Contractility
10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
contraction phase
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
contralateral
14.1 Sensory Perception
control center
1.5 Homeostasis
Convection
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
convergence
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
convergent
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
coordination exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
coracobrachialis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
coracoclavicular ligament
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
coracohumeral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
coracoid process
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
cornea
14.1 Sensory Perception
corneal reflex
14.3 Motor Responses
corona radiata
28.1 Fertilization
coronal suture
7.2 The Skull
Coronary arteries
19.1 Heart Anatomy
coronary sinus
19.1 Heart Anatomy
coronary sulcus
19.1 Heart Anatomy
Coronary veins
19.1 Heart Anatomy
coronoid fossa
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
coronoid process of the mandible
7.2 The Skull
coronoid process of the ulna
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
corpus albicans
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
corpus callosum
13.2 The Central Nervous System
corpus cavernosum
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
corpus spongiosum
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
corrugator supercilii
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
cortical nephrons
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
cortical reaction
28.1 Fertilization
cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
corticobulbar tract
14.3 Motor Responses
corticospinal tract
14.3 Motor Responses
cortisol
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
costal cartilage
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
costal facet
7.3 The Vertebral Column
costal groove
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
costoclavicular ligament
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
countercurrent multiplier system
25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
covalent bond
2.2 Chemical Bonds
coxal bone
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
cranial
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
cranial nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
cranial nerve exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
cranial nerve ganglion
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
craniosacral system
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
cranium
7.2 The Skull
Creatine phosphate
10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
cribriform plate
7.2 The Skull
cricoid cartilage
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
crista galli
7.2 The Skull
cuboid
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
cupula
14.1 Sensory Perception
cutaneous membrane
4.1 Types of Tissues
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
17.2 Hormones
cyclin
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cystic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cytoarchitecture
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
Cytokines
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Cytokinesis
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cytoskeleton
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
D
Dalton’s law
22.4 Gas Exchange
deciduous teeth
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
decomposition reaction
2.3 Chemical Reactions
decussates
14.2 Central Processing
deep anterior compartment
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
deep femoral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
deep femoral vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
deep posterior compartment of the forearm
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
deep tendon reflex
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
deep transverse perineal
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
defensins
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
dehydration
26.2 Water Balance
Delayed hypersensitivity
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
delta cell
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
deltoid ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
deltoid tuberosity
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Denaturation
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
dense body
10.8 Smooth Muscle
dense connective tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
dentition
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
deoxyhemoglobin
18.3 Erythrocytes
deoxyribonuclease
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
depolarization
12.4 The Action Potential
depolarize
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
Depression
9.5 Types of Body Movements
dermal papilla
5.1 Layers of the Skin
dermis
5.1 Layers of the Skin
descending aorta
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
descending colon
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
descending tracts
13.2 The Central Nervous System
detrusor muscle
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
Development
1.3 Functions of Human Life
diabetes mellitus
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
diacylglycerol (DAG)
17.2 Hormones
diapedesis
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
diaphysis
6.3 Bone Structure
diarthrosis
9.1 Classification of Joints
diastole
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
diastolic pressure
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
diencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
differentiation
1.3 Functions of Human Life
Diffusion
3.1 The Cell Membrane
digital arteries
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
digital veins
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
dihydroxyvitamin D
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
diploë
6.3 Bone Structure
diploid
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
diplopia
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
direct pathway
13.2 The Central Nervous System
disaccharide
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
disinhibition
13.2 The Central Nervous System
Distal
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
distal convoluted tubules
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
distal radioulnar joint
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
distal tibiofibular joint
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
disulfide bond
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Diuresis
26.2 Water Balance
DNA polymerase
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
DNA replication
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
dominant
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Dominant lethal
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
dorsal
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
dorsal (posterior) cavity
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
dorsal (posterior) nerve root
13.2 The Central Nervous System
dorsal (posterior) root ganglion
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
dorsal arch
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
dorsal column system
14.2 Central Processing
dorsal interossei
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
15.3 Central Control
dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
dorsal stream
14.2 Central Processing
dorsal venous arch
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
dorsalis pedis artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Dorsiflexion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
downregulation
17.2 Hormones
duodenal glands
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
duodenum
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
dural sinuses
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
E
ear ossicles
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
early induced immune response
21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
eccentric contraction
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
eccrine sweat gland
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
ectopic pregnancy
28.2 Embryonic Development
Edinger–Westphal nucleus
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
effector
1.5 Homeostasis
effector protein
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
efferent arteriole
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
efferent branch
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
efferent lymphatic vessels
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
ejaculatory duct
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
ejection fraction
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
elastase
24.4 Protein Metabolism
elastic artery
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Elastic cartilage
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Elastic fiber
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
elasticity
10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
Elastin fibers
5.1 Layers of the Skin
electrical gradient
3.1 The Cell Membrane
electrical synapse
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
electrocardiogram (ECG)
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
electrochemical exclusion
12.4 The Action Potential
electron shell
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
electron transport chain (ETC)
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
eleidin
5.1 Layers of the Skin
elevation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
embryo
28.2 Embryonic Development
embryonic folding
28.2 Embryonic Development
emigration
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
encapsulated ending
14.1 Sensory Perception
end diastolic volume (EDV)
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
end systolic volume (ESV)
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
endocardial tubes
19.5 Development of the Heart
endocardium
19.1 Heart Anatomy
endochondral ossification
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
endocrine system
17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
Endocytosis
3.1 The Cell Membrane
endogenous chemical
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
endomysium
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
endoneurium
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
endosteum
6.3 Bone Structure
Endothelins
25.8 Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
energy-consuming phase
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
energy-yielding phase
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
enteric nervous system
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
enteric nervous system (ENS)
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
enteric plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
enteroendocrine cells
23.4 The Stomach
enterohepatic circulation
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
enterokinase
24.4 Protein Metabolism
enzyme
2.3 Chemical Reactions
Eosinophils
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
ependymal cell
12.2 Nervous Tissue
epiblast
28.2 Embryonic Development
epicardial coronary arteries
19.1 Heart Anatomy
epicardium
19.1 Heart Anatomy
epicranial aponeurosis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
epidermis
5.1 Layers of the Skin
epimysium
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
epineurium
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
epiphyseal line
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
epiphyseal plate
6.3 Bone Structure
epiphysis
6.3 Bone Structure
epiploic appendages
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
episodic memory
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
epithalamus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
epithelial membrane
4.1 Types of Tissues
Epithelial tissue
4.1 Types of Tissues
eponychium
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
equilibrium
14.1 Sensory Perception
erector spinae group
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
erythroblastosis fetalis
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
erythrocyte
18.3 Erythrocytes
erythropoietin (EPO)
17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions ,
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
esophageal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
esophageal plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
esophageal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
esophagus
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
estrogens
17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
ethmoid air cell
7.2 The Skull
ethmoid bone
7.2 The Skull
Evaporation
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
eversion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
exchange reaction
2.3 Chemical Reactions
excitability
10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
excitable membrane
12.4 The Action Potential
excitation-contraction coupling
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
executive functions
14.3 Motor Responses
exocrine gland
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
exocrine system
17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
exocytosis
3.1 The Cell Membrane
exogenous chemical
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
expiration
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
expressive aphasia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
extensibility
10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
extension
9.5 Types of Body Movements
extensor
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
extensor carpi radialis brevis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor carpi ulnaris
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor digiti minimi
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor digitorum
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor digitorum brevis
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
extensor digitorum longus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
extensor hallucis longus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
extensor indicis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor pollicis brevis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor pollicis longus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor radialis longus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor retinaculum
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
External acoustic meatus
7.2 The Skull
external anal sphincter
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
external callus
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
external carotid artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external ear
14.1 Sensory Perception
external elastic membrane
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
external iliac artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external iliac vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external intercostal
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
external jugular vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external nose
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
external oblique
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
external occipital protuberance
7.2 The Skull
External respiration
22.4 Gas Exchange
external root sheath
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
external urinary sphincter
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
exteroceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
extrapyramidal system
14.3 Motor Responses
extrinsic eye muscles
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
extrinsic ligament
9.4 Synovial Joints
extrinsic muscles of the hand
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
extrinsic pathway
18.5 Hemostasis
F
facet
7.3 The Vertebral Column
facial bones
7.2 The Skull
facial nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
Facilitated diffusion
3.1 The Cell Membrane
false ribs
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
fascicle
10.2 Skeletal Muscle ,
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
fascicles
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
fasciculation
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
fasciculus cuneatus
14.2 Central Processing
fasciculus gracilis
14.2 Central Processing
fast glycolytic (FG)
10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
Fast oxidative (FO)
10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
fatty acid oxidation
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
fauces
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam ,
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System ,
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
femoral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
femoral circumflex vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
femoral nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
femoral triangle
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
femoral vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
femoropatellar joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
fenestrated capillary
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
fenestrations
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
ferritin
18.3 Erythrocytes
Fertilization
28.1 Fertilization
fertilization membrane
28.1 Fertilization
fibrillation
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
fibrin
18.5 Hemostasis
Fibrinogen
18.1 An Overview of Blood
Fibrinolysis
18.5 Hemostasis
fibroblast
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Fibrocartilage
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
fibroelastic membrane
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
fibrous joint
9.1 Classification of Joints
fibrous tunic
14.1 Sensory Perception
fibula
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fibular collateral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
fibular nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
fibular notch
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fibular vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
fibularis brevis
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
fibularis longus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
fibularis tertius
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
fight-or-flight response
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
filling time
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
filtration
20.3 Capillary Exchange
filtration slits
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
first messenger
17.2 Hormones
first-degree burn
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
flaccid paralysis
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
flaccidity
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
flat bone
6.2 Bone Classification
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
Flexion
9.5 Types of Body Movements ,
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
flexor
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
flexor carpi radialis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor carpi ulnaris
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor digiti minimi brevis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor digitorum longus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
flexor digitorum profundus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor digitorum superficialis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor hallucis longus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
flexor pollicis brevis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor pollicis longus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor retinaculum
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb ,
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
floating ribs
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
flocculonodular lobe
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
fluid compartment
26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
fluid connective tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
folliculogenesis
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
fontanelles
9.2 Fibrous Joints
Foramen lacerum
7.2 The Skull
foramen ovale
19.1 Heart Anatomy ,
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation ,
28.3 Fetal Development
Foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa
7.2 The Skull
Foramen rotundum
7.2 The Skull
Foramen spinosum
7.2 The Skull
forced breathing
22.3 The Process of Breathing
forearm
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
forebrain
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
foremilk
28.6 Lactation
formed elements
18.1 An Overview of Blood
forming urine
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
fossa
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
fossa ovalis
19.1 Heart Anatomy
fourth ventricle
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
fourth-degree burn
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
fovea
14.1 Sensory Perception
fovea capitis
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fracture
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
fracture hematoma
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
Frank-Starling mechanism
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
free nerve ending
14.1 Sensory Perception
frontal bone
7.2 The Skull
frontal lobe
13.2 The Central Nervous System
frontal plane
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
frontal sinus
7.2 The Skull
functional group
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
functional residual capacity (FRC)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
G
G cells
23.4 The Stomach
G protein–coupled receptor
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
G0 phase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
G1 phase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
G2 phase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
gait exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
ganglionic neuron
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
gap junction
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
gastric emptying
23.4 The Stomach
gastric gland
23.4 The Stomach
gastric phase
23.4 The Stomach
gastric pits
23.4 The Stomach
gastric plexuses
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
gastrin
23.4 The Stomach
gastrocolic reflex
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
gastroileal reflex
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
gastrulation
28.2 Embryonic Development
Gene expression
3.4 Protein Synthesis
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
general sense
14.1 Sensory Perception
generator potential
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
genicular artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
genioglossus
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
genotype
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Germinal centers
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
gestation
28.2 Embryonic Development
glabella
7.2 The Skull
glassy membrane
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
glenohumeral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
glenoid cavity
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
glenoid labrum
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
globin
18.3 Erythrocytes
globulins
18.1 An Overview of Blood
globus pallidus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
glomerulus
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
glossopharyngeal nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
glucagon
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
glucocorticoids
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
Glucokinase
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
Gluconeogenesis
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
glucose-6-phosphate
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
gluteal tuberosity
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
gluteus maximus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
gluteus minimus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
glycocalyx
3.1 The Cell Membrane
glycogen
24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
glycoprotein
3.1 The Cell Membrane
glycosuria
25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
gnosis
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
goblet cell
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
goiter
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
Golgi apparatus
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
gomphosis
9.2 Fibrous Joints
gonadal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
gonadal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
gonadotropins
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
graded muscle response
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
graded potential
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
graft-versus-host disease
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
Granular leukocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
granulosa cells
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
graphesthesia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
gray rami communicantes
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
great cardiac vein
19.1 Heart Anatomy
great cerebral vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
great saphenous vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
greater pelvis
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
greater sciatic foramen
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
greater sciatic notch
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
greater splanchnic nerve
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
greater trochanter
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
greater tubercle
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
greater wings of the sphenoid bone
7.2 The Skull
Gross anatomy
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
ground substance
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Growth
1.3 Functions of Human Life
growth hormone (GH)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
gustation
14.1 Sensory Perception
gustatory receptor cells
14.1 Sensory Perception
H
hair bulb
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair cells
14.1 Sensory Perception
hair follicle
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair matrix
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair papilla
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair root
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair shaft
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
Haldane effect
22.5 Transport of Gases
hallux
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
hamate
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
hamstring group
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
hard palate
7.2 The Skull
haustral contraction
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
head of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
head of the fibula
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
head of the humerus
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
head of the metatarsal bone
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
head of the radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
head of the rib
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
head of the ulna
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
heart block
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
heart bulge
19.5 Development of the Heart
heart rate (HR)
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
heart sounds
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
helicase
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
Helper T cells (Th)
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
hemangioblasts
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
hematocrit
18.1 An Overview of Blood
hematopoiesis
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
hematopoietic stem cell
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
heme
18.3 Erythrocytes
hemiazygos vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
hemisection
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
hemocytoblast
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Hemoglobin
18.3 Erythrocytes
hemolysis
18.6 Blood Typing
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
18.6 Blood Typing
hemophilia
18.5 Hemostasis
hemopoiesis
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
hemopoietic growth factors
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
hemorrhage
18.5 Hemostasis
hemorrhagic stroke
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
hemosiderin
18.3 Erythrocytes
hemostasis
18.5 Hemostasis
Henry’s law
22.4 Gas Exchange
heparin
18.5 Hemostasis
hepatic artery proper
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
hepatic portal system
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
hepatic portal vein
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatic vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways ,
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatopancreatic ampulla
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
hepatopancreatic sphincter
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
heterozygous
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Hexokinase
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
high endothelial venules
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
hilum
22.2 The Lungs
hindbrain
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Hindmilk
28.6 Lactation
hinge joint
9.4 Synovial Joints
hip bone
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
hip joint
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
hippocampus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
histology
4.1 Types of Tissues
hole
6.3 Bone Structure
holocrine secretion
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Homeostasis
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
homologous
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
homozygous
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
hook of the hamate bone
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
horizontal plate
7.2 The Skull
hormone receptor
17.2 Hormones
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
28.2 Embryonic Development
humeroradial joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
humeroulnar joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
humerus
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Hyaline cartilage
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
23.4 The Stomach
hydrogen bond
2.2 Chemical Bonds
hydrophilic
3.1 The Cell Membrane
hydrophobic
3.1 The Cell Membrane
Hydrostatic pressure
26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA)
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
hyoid bone
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
hypercalcemia
6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems ,
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hypercapnia
26.4 Acid-Base Balance
Hyperchloremia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hyperextension
9.5 Types of Body Movements
hyperflexia
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
hyperflexion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
hyperglycemia
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
Hyperkalemia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hypernatremia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hyperparathyroidism
17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
Hyperphosphatemia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hyperplasia
10.8 Smooth Muscle
hypertension
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
hyperthyroidism
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
hypertonic
3.1 The Cell Membrane
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
19.1 Heart Anatomy
hypertrophy
10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
hyperventilation
22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
Hypervolemia
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
hypoblast
28.2 Embryonic Development
Hypocalcemia
6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems ,
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hypocapnia
26.4 Acid-Base Balance
Hypochloremia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hypodermis
5.1 Layers of the Skin
hypoglossal canal
7.2 The Skull
hypoglossal nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
Hypokalemia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hyponatremia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hyponychium
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hypoparathyroidism
17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
Hypophosphatemia
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa
7.2 The Skull
hypophyseal portal system
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
hypothenar eminence
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
hypothyroidism
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
hypotonic
3.1 The Cell Membrane
hypotonicity
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
hypovolemia
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam ,
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Hypovolemic shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
hypoxemia
18.3 Erythrocytes
I
ileocecal sphincter
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
iliac crest
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
iliac fossa
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
iliococcygeus
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
iliocostalis cervicis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliocostalis group
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliocostalis lumborum
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliocostalis thoracis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliofemoral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
iliopsoas group
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
iliotibial tract
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
immediate hypersensitivity
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
immune system
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
immunoglobulins
18.1 An Overview of Blood
immunological memory
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
implantation
28.2 Embryonic Development
inactivation gate
12.4 The Action Potential
inactive proenzymes
24.4 Protein Metabolism
incomplete dominance
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
incontinence
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
incus
14.1 Sensory Perception
indirect pathway
13.2 The Central Nervous System
Inferior
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
inferior angle of the scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
inferior articular process
7.3 The Vertebral Column
inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP)
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
inferior extensor retinaculum
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
inferior gemellus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
inferior mesenteric artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
inferior mesenteric ganglion
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
inferior nasal concha
7.2 The Skull
inferior oblique
14.1 Sensory Perception
inferior phrenic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
inferior pubic ramus
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
inferior rectus
14.1 Sensory Perception
Inferior rotation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
infraglenoid tubercle
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
infrahyoid muscles
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
infraorbital foramen
7.2 The Skull
infraspinatus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
infraspinous fossa
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
infratemporal fossa
7.2 The Skull
infundibulum
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus ,
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
initial segment
12.2 Nervous Tissue
innate immune response
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
inner cell mass
28.2 Embryonic Development
inner ear
14.1 Sensory Perception
inner segment
14.1 Sensory Perception
inner synaptic layer
14.1 Sensory Perception
innermost intercostal
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
inorganic compound
2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
inositol triphosphate (IP3)
17.2 Hormones
insertion
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Inspiration
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
integral protein
3.1 The Cell Membrane
integumentary system
5.1 Layers of the Skin
interatrial band
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
interatrial septum
19.1 Heart Anatomy
interaural intensity difference
14.2 Central Processing
interaural time difference
14.2 Central Processing
intercalated cell
25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
intercondylar eminence
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intercondylar fossa
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intercostal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
intercostal muscles
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
intercostal nerves
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
intercostal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Interleukins
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
intermediate
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
intermediate cuneiform
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intermediate filament
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Internal acoustic meatus
7.2 The Skull
internal anal sphincter
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
internal callus
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
internal capsule
14.3 Motor Responses
internal carotid arteries
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
internal carotid artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal elastic membrane
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
internal iliac artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal iliac vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal intercostal
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
internal jugular vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal oblique
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
Internal respiration
22.4 Gas Exchange
internal root sheath
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
internal thoracic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal thoracic vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal urinary sphincter
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
internodal pathways
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
interoceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
interosseous border of the fibula
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
interosseous border of the radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interosseous border of the tibia
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
interosseous border of the ulna
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interosseous membrane
9.2 Fibrous Joints
interosseous membrane of the forearm
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interosseous membrane of the leg
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
interphalangeal joint
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Interphase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
interstitial fluid (IF)
26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
Interstitial fluid (IF)
3.1 The Cell Membrane
interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure (IFCOP)
20.3 Capillary Exchange
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)
20.3 Capillary Exchange
intertrochanteric crest
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intertrochanteric line
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intertubercular groove (sulcus)
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interventricular foramina
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
interventricular septum
19.1 Heart Anatomy
intervertebral foramen
7.3 The Vertebral Column
intestinal gland
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
intestinal juice
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
intestinal phase
23.4 The Stomach
intorsion
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Intra-alveolar pressure
22.3 The Process of Breathing
intracapsular ligament
9.4 Synovial Joints
intracellular fluid (ICF)
26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
3.1 The Cell Membrane
intramembranous ossification
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
intramural ganglia
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Intrapleural pressure
22.3 The Process of Breathing
intrinsic factor
23.4 The Stomach
intrinsic ligament
9.4 Synovial Joints
intrinsic muscles of the hand
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
intrinsic pathway
18.5 Hemostasis
intron
3.4 Protein Synthesis
Inversion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
ionic bond
2.2 Chemical Bonds
ionotropic receptor
12.4 The Action Potential
ipsilateral
14.1 Sensory Perception
irregular bone
6.2 Bone Classification
ischemic stroke
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
ischial ramus
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischial spine
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischial tuberosity
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischiococcygeus
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
ischiofemoral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
ischiopubic ramus
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischium
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
isometric contraction
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
isotonic
3.1 The Cell Membrane
isotonic contractions
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
isovolumic contraction
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
J
jaundice
18.3 Erythrocytes
jaw-jerk reflex
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
joint cavity
9.1 Classification of Joints
joint interzone
9.7 Development of Joints
jugular (suprasternal) notch
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
jugular foramen
7.2 The Skull
jugular veins
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
juxtaglomerular cell
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
juxtamedullary nephrons
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
K
karyotype
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Keratin
5.1 Layers of the Skin
keratinocyte
5.1 Layers of the Skin
keratohyalin
5.1 Layers of the Skin
ketone bodies
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
kinetic energy
2.3 Chemical Reactions
kinetochore
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
knee joint
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
Korotkoff sounds
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Krebs cycle
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
kyphosis
7.3 The Vertebral Column
L
labial frenulum
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lacrimal bone
7.2 The Skull
lacrimal duct
14.1 Sensory Perception
lacrimal fossa
7.2 The Skull
lacrimal gland
14.1 Sensory Perception
Lactation
28.6 Lactation
lactic acid
10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
lactiferous ducts
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
lactiferous sinus
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
lacuna
6.3 Bone Structure
lambdoid suture
7.2 The Skull
lamina
7.3 The Vertebral Column
lamina propria
4.1 Types of Tissues
Langerhans cell
5.1 Layers of the Skin
lanugo
28.3 Fetal Development
large intestine
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
laryngeal prominence
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
laryngopharynx
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System ,
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
laryngotracheal bud
22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
latch-bridges
10.8 Smooth Muscle
latent period
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Lateral
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
lateral (external) rotation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
lateral apertures
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
lateral border of the scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
lateral circumflex artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lateral columns
13.2 The Central Nervous System
lateral compartment of the leg
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
lateral condyle of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral condyle of the tibia
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral corticospinal tract
14.3 Motor Responses
lateral cuneiform
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral epicondyle of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Lateral excursion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
Lateral flexion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
lateral geniculate nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
lateral horn
13.2 The Central Nervous System
lateral malleolus
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral meniscus
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
lateral plantar artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lateral pterygoid
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
lateral pterygoid plate
7.2 The Skull
lateral rectus
14.1 Sensory Perception
lateral sacral crest
7.3 The Vertebral Column
lateral sulcus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
lateral supracondylar ridge
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
lateral tibiofemoral joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
lateral ventricles
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
lateralis
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
latissimus dorsi
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
leakage channel
12.4 The Action Potential
leaky tight junctions
25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
left atrioventricular valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
left colic flexure
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
left gastric artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lesser pelvis
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
lesser sciatic foramen
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
lesser sciatic notch
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
lesser splanchnic nerve
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
lesser trochanter
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lesser tubercle
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
7.2 The Skull
let-down reflex
28.6 Lactation
Leukemia
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
leukocyte
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Leukocyte esterase
25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
leukocytosis
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Leukopenia
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
levator palpebrae superioris
14.1 Sensory Perception
ligament
9.2 Fibrous Joints
ligament of the head of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb ,
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
ligamentum flavum
7.3 The Vertebral Column
ligand
3.1 The Cell Membrane
ligand-gated cation channel
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
ligand-gated channel
12.4 The Action Potential
limbic cortex
13.2 The Central Nervous System
limbic lobe
15.3 Central Control
limbic system
13.2 The Central Nervous System
linea aspera
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lingual frenulum
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lingual lipase
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lingual tonsil
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Lingula
7.2 The Skull
lipogenesis
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
lipolysis
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
lipoprotein lipase
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Localization of function
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
long bone
6.2 Bone Classification
long reflex
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
longissimus capitis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longissimus cervicis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longissimus group
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longissimus thoracis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longitudinal fissure
13.2 The Central Nervous System
longus
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
loop of Henle
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
loose connective tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
lordosis
7.3 The Vertebral Column
lower esophageal sphincter
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lower motor neuron
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
lumbar arteries
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lumbar curve
7.3 The Vertebral Column
lumbar enlargement
14.3 Motor Responses
lumbar plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
lumbar puncture
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
lumbar veins
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Lumbar vertebrae
7.3 The Vertebral Column
lunate
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
lung
22.2 The Lungs
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Lymphatic capillaries
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymphatic system
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymphatic trunks
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymphoid nodules
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lymphoid stem cells
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Lymphoma
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
lysozyme
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
M
macromolecule
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Macrophage oxidative metabolism
21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
macula
14.1 Sensory Perception
macula densa
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
1.7 Medical Imaging
main pancreatic duct
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
major duodenal papilla
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
malleus
14.1 Sensory Perception
Mandibular foramen
7.2 The Skull
Mandibular fossa
7.2 The Skull
mandibular notch
7.2 The Skull
manubrium
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
marginal arteries
19.1 Heart Anatomy
mass movement
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
mastication
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back ,
23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
mastoid process
7.2 The Skull
maxillary bone
7.2 The Skull
maxillary sinus
7.2 The Skull
maxillary vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
maximus
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Mechanical digestion
23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
mechanically gated channel
12.4 The Action Potential
mechanoreceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
meconium
28.3 Fetal Development
Medial
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
medial (internal) rotation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
medial border of the scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
medial compartment of the thigh
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
medial condyle of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial condyle of the tibia
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial cuneiform
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial epicondyle of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial epicondyle of the humerus
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Medial excursion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
medial forebrain bundle
15.3 Central Control
medial geniculate nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
medial lemniscus
14.2 Central Processing
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
medial malleolus
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial meniscus
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
medial plantar artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
medial pterygoid
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
medial pterygoid plate
7.2 The Skull
medial rectus
14.1 Sensory Perception
medial tibiofemoral joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
medialis
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
median antebrachial vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
median aperture
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
median cubital vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
median nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
median sacral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
median sacral crest
7.3 The Vertebral Column
mediastinal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
medius
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
medullary cavity
6.3 Bone Structure
megakaryocyte
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Meissner corpuscle
5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
Melanin
5.1 Layers of the Skin
melanocyte
5.1 Layers of the Skin
melanosome
5.1 Layers of the Skin
melatonin
17.7 The Pineal Gland
membrane potential
12.4 The Action Potential
memory cell
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
meniscus
9.4 Synovial Joints
menstrual cycle
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
Mental foramen
7.2 The Skull
Mental protuberance
7.2 The Skull
mental status exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
Merkel cell
5.1 Layers of the Skin
Merocrine secretion
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
mesangial
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
mesencephalic nuclei
14.2 Central Processing
mesencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
mesenchymal cell
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
mesenchyme
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
mesenteric plexus
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
mesoappendix
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.4 Protein Synthesis
Metabolic acidosis
26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Metabolic alkalosis
26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
metabolic rate
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
metabotropic receptor
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
metacarpal bone
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
metacarpophalangeal joint
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Metaphase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
metaphase plate
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
metarteriole
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
metatarsal bone
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
metatarsophalangeal joint
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
metencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
MHC polygeny
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
MHC polymorphism
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
microcirculation
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
microfilament
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Microglia
12.2 Nervous Tissue
microscopic anatomy
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
microtubule
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
microvilli
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
Micturition
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
midbrain
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
midcarpal joint
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
middle cardiac vein
19.1 Heart Anatomy
middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP)
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
middle cerebral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
middle cranial fossa
7.2 The Skull
middle ear
14.1 Sensory Perception
middle nasal concha
7.2 The Skull
middle sacral vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
middle scalene
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
migrating motility complex
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
mineralocorticoids
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
Minerals
24.7 Nutrition and Diet
minimus
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
mitochondrion
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Mitosis
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
mitotic phase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
mitotic spindle
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
mitral valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
mixing wave
23.4 The Stomach
modeling
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
moderator band
19.1 Heart Anatomy
molecule
2.2 Chemical Bonds
Monocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
monoglyceride molecules
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
morula
28.2 Embryonic Development
motor end-plate
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
motor exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
mucosal barrier
23.4 The Stomach
mucous connective tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
mucous gland
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
mucous membrane
4.1 Types of Tissues
mucous neck cells
23.4 The Stomach
Müllerian duct
27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
multiaxial joint
9.1 Classification of Joints
multimodal integration area
14.2 Central Processing
multipennate
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Multipolar
12.2 Nervous Tissue
multipotent
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
murmur
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
muscarinic receptor
12.5 Communication Between Neurons ,
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
muscle tension
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Muscle tissue
4.1 Types of Tissues
muscle tone
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
muscular artery
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
muscularis
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
myelencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
myelin
4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response ,
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
myelin sheath
12.2 Nervous Tissue
Myeloid stem cells
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
myenteric plexus
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
Mylohyoid line
7.2 The Skull
myocardial conducting cells
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
myocardial contractile cells
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
myocardium
19.1 Heart Anatomy
myocyte
4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion
myofibril
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
myogenic mechanism
25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
myogenic response
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
myosin
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
N
nail bed
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail body
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail cuticle
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail fold
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail root
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
naïve lymphocyte
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
nasal cavity
7.2 The Skull
nasal conchae
7.2 The Skull
nasolacrimal canal
7.2 The Skull
Natural killer (NK) cells
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
natural killer cell (NK)
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
navicular
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
neck of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
neck of the radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
neck of the rib
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
Necrosis
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
Negative feedback
1.5 Homeostasis
negative inotropic factors
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
negative selection
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Neonatal hypothyroidism
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
Nephrons
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
nerve plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
nervi vasorum
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Nervous tissue
4.1 Types of Tissues
neural crest
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
neural groove
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
neural tunic
14.1 Sensory Perception
neuraxis
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Neurogenic shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
neurological exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
neuron
4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response ,
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
neuropeptide
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
neurulation
28.2 Embryonic Development
Neutralization
21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
neutrophils
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
nicotinic receptor
12.5 Communication Between Neurons ,
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
nociceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
node of Ranvier
12.2 Nervous Tissue
nonshivering thermogenesis
28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
nonspecific channel
12.4 The Action Potential
normal range
1.5 Homeostasis
nuchal ligament
7.3 The Vertebral Column
nuclear envelope
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nuclear pore
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nucleolus
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nucleosome
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nucleus
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles ,
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
nucleus ambiguus
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
nucleus cuneatus
14.2 Central Processing
nucleus gracilis
14.2 Central Processing
nucleus pulposus
7.3 The Vertebral Column
nutrient
1.4 Requirements for Human Life
nutrient foramen
6.3 Bone Structure
O
oblique
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Obstructive shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
obturator externus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
obturator foramen
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
obturator internus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
occipital bone
7.2 The Skull
occipital condyle
7.2 The Skull
occipital lobe
13.2 The Central Nervous System
occipital sinus
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
occipital sinuses
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
occipitalis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
occipitofrontalis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
oculomotor nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
odorant molecules
14.1 Sensory Perception
olecranon fossa
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
olecranon process
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
olfactory bulb
14.1 Sensory Perception
olfactory epithelium
14.1 Sensory Perception
olfactory nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
olfactory pit
22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
olfactory sensory neuron
14.1 Sensory Perception
oligopotent
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
Open reduction
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
ophthalmic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
opponens digiti minimi
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
opponens pollicis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
Opposition
9.5 Types of Body Movements
opsins
14.1 Sensory Perception
Opsonization
21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
optic chiasm
14.2 Central Processing
optic disc
14.1 Sensory Perception
optic tract
14.2 Central Processing
oral cavity
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
oral vestibule
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
orbicularis oculi
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
orbicularis oris
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
orbit
7.2 The Skull
organ system
1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
organic compound
2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
organogenesis
28.2 Embryonic Development
organs of Corti
14.1 Sensory Perception
oropharynx
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System ,
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
orthopedist
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
orthostatic reflex
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
Osmosis
3.1 The Cell Membrane
osseous tissue
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
ossicles
14.1 Sensory Perception
ossification
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
ossification center
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
osteoblast
6.3 Bone Structure
osteoclast
6.3 Bone Structure
osteocyte
6.3 Bone Structure
osteogenic cell
6.3 Bone Structure
osteomalacia
25.10 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
osteon
6.3 Bone Structure
Osteoporosis
6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
otolithic membrane
14.1 Sensory Perception
outer segment
14.1 Sensory Perception
outer synaptic layer
14.1 Sensory Perception
oval window
14.1 Sensory Perception
ovarian artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ovarian vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
oxidation
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
oxidation-reduction reaction
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
oxidative phosphorylation
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
oxygen debt
10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve
22.5 Transport of Gases
P
pacesetter cell
10.8 Smooth Muscle
Pacinian corpuscle
5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
packed cell volume (PCV)
18.1 An Overview of Blood
palatine bone
7.2 The Skull
palatine process
7.2 The Skull
palatine tonsil
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
palatoglossal arch
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
palatoglossus
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
palatopharyngeal arch
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
palmar arches
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
palmar interossei
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
palmar venous arches
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
palmaris longus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
palpebral conjunctiva
14.1 Sensory Perception
pancreas
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas ,
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
pancreatic amylase
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
pancreatic islets
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
pancreatic lipase
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
pancreatic lipases
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
pancreatic nuclease
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
papillae
14.1 Sensory Perception
papillary layer
5.1 Layers of the Skin
papillary muscle
19.1 Heart Anatomy
paracrine
17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
paranasal sinus
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
paranasal sinuses
7.2 The Skull
parasympathetic division
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
parasympathomimetic drugs
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
parathyroid glands
17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
paravertebral ganglia
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System ,
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
parenchyma
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
paresis
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
parietal bone
7.2 The Skull
parietal branches
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
parietal cells
23.4 The Stomach
parietal lobe
13.2 The Central Nervous System
parietal pleura
22.2 The Lungs
parieto-occipital sulcus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
parotid glands
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
Partial pressure
22.4 Gas Exchange
parturition
28.4 Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
Passive immunity
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
Passive transport
3.1 The Cell Membrane
patella
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
patellar ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints ,
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
patellar surface
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
pattern recognition receptor (PRR)
21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
pectinate line
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
pectinate muscles
19.1 Heart Anatomy
pectineal line
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pectoralis major
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pectoralis minor
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pedicle
7.3 The Vertebral Column
pelvic brim
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pelvic diaphragm
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
pelvic girdle
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis ,
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
pelvic inlet
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pelvic outlet
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pepsin
24.4 Protein Metabolism
pepsinogen
23.4 The Stomach
peptide bond
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
perforating canal
6.3 Bone Structure
pericardial artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
pericardial cavity
19.1 Heart Anatomy
pericardial sac
19.1 Heart Anatomy
perichondrium
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
perimysium
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
perineurium
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
periodic table of the elements
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
periodontal ligament
9.2 Fibrous Joints
periosteum
6.3 Bone Structure
peripheral chemoreceptor
22.3 The Process of Breathing
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Peripheral proteins
3.1 The Cell Membrane
peripheral tolerance
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
Peristalsis
23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
peritoneum
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
peritubular capillaries
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
permanent teeth
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
peroxisome
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
7.2 The Skull
petrosal sinus
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
petrous ridge
7.2 The Skull
phalanx bone of the foot
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
phalanx bone of the hand
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
pharyngeal tonsil
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
pharynx
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System ,
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
phenotype
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
phosphodiesterase (PDE)
17.2 Hormones
phospholipid
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Phosphorylation
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
phosphorylation cascade
17.2 Hormones
photoisomerization
14.1 Sensory Perception
photon
14.1 Sensory Perception
photoreceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
phrenic nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
phrenic vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
physiological sphincter
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
physiology
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
pineal gland
17.7 The Pineal Gland
pinealocyte
17.7 The Pineal Gland
pinocytosis
3.1 The Cell Membrane
pisiform
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
pituitary dwarfism
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
pivot joint
9.4 Synovial Joints
placenta
28.2 Embryonic Development
placenta previa
28.2 Embryonic Development
placentation
28.2 Embryonic Development
plane joint
9.4 Synovial Joints
plantar aponeurosis
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
plantar arch
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
plantar flexion
9.5 Types of Body Movements
plantar reflex
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
plantar veins
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
plantar venous arch
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
plasma
18.1 An Overview of Blood
plasma cell
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Plasma osmolality
26.2 Water Balance
plasmin
18.5 Hemostasis
platelet plug
18.5 Hemostasis
platelets
18.1 An Overview of Blood
pleura
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
pleural cavity
22.2 The Lungs
Pleural fluid
22.2 The Lungs
pluripotent
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
pluripotent stem cell
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
pneumotaxic center
22.3 The Process of Breathing
podocytes
25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
polar molecule
2.2 Chemical Bonds
pollex
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
polyclonal response
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
polycythemia
18.3 Erythrocytes
polymorphonuclear
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
polypeptide
3.4 Protein Synthesis
polyribosome
3.4 Protein Synthesis
polyspermy
28.1 Fertilization
popliteal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
popliteal fossa
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
popliteal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
positive chemotaxis
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Positive feedback
1.5 Homeostasis
positive inotropic factors
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
positive selection
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Positron emission tomography (PET)
1.7 Medical Imaging
postabsorptive state
24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
postcentral gyrus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
Posterior
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
posterior (dorsal) sacral foramen
7.3 The Vertebral Column
posterior arch
7.3 The Vertebral Column
posterior cardiac vein
19.1 Heart Anatomy
posterior cerebral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterior columns
13.2 The Central Nervous System
posterior communicating artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterior compartment of the leg
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
posterior compartment of the thigh
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
posterior cranial fossa
7.2 The Skull
posterior cruciate ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
posterior horn
13.2 The Central Nervous System
posterior inferior iliac spine
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
posterior interventricular artery
19.1 Heart Anatomy
posterior interventricular sulcus
19.1 Heart Anatomy
posterior longitudinal ligament
7.3 The Vertebral Column
posterior median sulcus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
posterior sacroiliac ligament
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
posterior scalene
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
posterior superior iliac spine
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
posterior talofibular ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
posterior tibial artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterior tibial vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterolateral sulcus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
postganglionic fiber
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
postsynaptic potential (PSP)
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
Potential energy
2.3 Chemical Reactions
power stroke
10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
PP cell
17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
praxis
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
precapillary sphincters
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
precentral gyrus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
precentral gyrus of the frontal cortex
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
prefrontal lobe
13.2 The Central Nervous System
preganglionic fiber
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
preload
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
premolars
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
premotor area
13.2 The Central Nervous System
premotor cortex
14.3 Motor Responses
prepotential depolarization
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
Pressure
1.4 Requirements for Human Life
prevertebral ganglia
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System ,
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
primary adaptive response
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
primary curve
7.3 The Vertebral Column
primary follicles
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
primary lymphoid organs
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
primary ossification center
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
primary sensory cortex
14.2 Central Processing
primary union
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
primary vesicles
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
prime mover
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
primitive atrium
19.5 Development of the Heart
primitive heart tube
19.5 Development of the Heart
primitive streak
28.2 Embryonic Development
primitive ventricle
19.5 Development of the Heart
primordial follicles
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
principal cell
25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
procedural memory
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
product
2.3 Chemical Reactions
progesterone
17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
projection
6.3 Bone Structure
prolactin
28.6 Lactation
prolactin (PRL)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
proliferative phase
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
proliferative zone
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
promoter
3.4 Protein Synthesis
pronated position
9.5 Types of Body Movements
Pronation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
pronator drift
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
pronator quadratus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pronator teres
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
propagation
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
Prophase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
proprioceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
prosencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
prostaglandin
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
protein kinase
17.2 Hormones
proteolysis
24.4 Protein Metabolism
proteome
3.4 Protein Synthesis
Protraction
9.5 Types of Body Movements
Proximal
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs)
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
proximal tibiofibular joint
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
psychoneuroimmunology
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
pterion
7.2 The Skull
pubic arch
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubic body
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubic symphysis
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubic tubercle
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubococcygeus
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
pubofemoral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
pulmonary arteries
19.1 Heart Anatomy
pulmonary capillaries
19.1 Heart Anatomy
pulmonary plexus
22.2 The Lungs
pulmonary surfactant
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
pulmonary valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
Pulmonary ventilation
22.3 The Process of Breathing
pulp cavity
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
pulse pressure
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Punnett square
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
pupil
14.1 Sensory Perception
Purkinje fibers
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
putamen
13.2 The Central Nervous System
pyloric antrum
23.4 The Stomach
pyloric canal
23.4 The Stomach
pyloric sphincter
23.4 The Stomach
pylorus
23.4 The Stomach
pyramidal decussation
14.3 Motor Responses
pyramids
14.3 Motor Responses
pyruvate
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
pyruvic acid
10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
Q
QRS complex
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
quadratus femoris
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
quadratus lumborum
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
quadriceps femoris group
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
quadriceps tendon
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
quickening
28.3 Fetal Development
Quiet breathing
22.3 The Process of Breathing
R
radial artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
radial collateral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
radial fossa
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radial nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
radial notch of the ulna
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radial tuberosity
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radial vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Radiation
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
radioactive isotope
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
radiocarpal joint
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ramus of the mandible
7.2 The Skull
reabsorption
20.3 Capillary Exchange
reactant
2.3 Chemical Reactions
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
receptive aphasia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
receptor
3.1 The Cell Membrane
receptor cell
14.1 Sensory Perception
receptor potential
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
3.1 The Cell Membrane
recessive
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
recessive lethal
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
recruitment
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
rectal valves
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
rectus
11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
rectus abdominis
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
rectus sheaths
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
red blood cells (RBCs)
18.1 An Overview of Blood
Red marrow
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
reduction
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
referred pain
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
reflex arc
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
refractory period
12.4 The Action Potential
Regional anatomy
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Regulatory T cells (Treg)
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
relative refractory period
12.4 The Action Potential
relaxation phase
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
remodeling
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
renal artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
renal columns
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal corpuscle
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal cortex
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal fat pad
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal hilum
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal papillae
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal pyramids
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
repolarization
12.4 The Action Potential
reposition
9.5 Types of Body Movements
Reproduction
1.3 Functions of Human Life
reserve zone
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
Residual volume (RV)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Respiratory acidosis
26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory alkalosis
26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
respiratory bronchiole
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
respiratory cycle
22.3 The Process of Breathing
respiratory epithelium
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
respiratory membrane
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
respiratory pump
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
respiratory rate
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Respiratory volume
22.3 The Process of Breathing
respiratory zone
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Responsiveness
1.3 Functions of Human Life
rest and digest
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
resting membrane potential
12.4 The Action Potential
Reticular fiber
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
reticular formation
13.2 The Central Nervous System
reticular lamina
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
reticular layer
5.1 Layers of the Skin
Reticular tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
reticulocyte
18.3 Erythrocytes
reticuloendothelial cells
23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
reticulospinal tract
14.3 Motor Responses
retina
14.1 Sensory Perception
retinal
14.1 Sensory Perception
retinal ganglion cell (RGC)
14.1 Sensory Perception
retraction
9.5 Types of Body Movements
retrograde amnesia
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
Rh blood group
18.6 Blood Typing
rhodopsin
14.1 Sensory Perception
rhombencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
rhomboid major
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
rhomboid minor
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3.4 Protein Synthesis
right atrioventricular valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
right colic flexure
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
right gastric artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
right lymphatic duct
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Rinne test
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
RNA polymerase
3.4 Protein Synthesis
rod photoreceptor
14.1 Sensory Perception
Romberg test
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Rotation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
rotator cuff
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints ,
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
round window
14.1 Sensory Perception
ruga
23.4 The Stomach
S
S phase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
saccade
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
saccharolytic fermentation
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
saccule
14.1 Sensory Perception
sacral canal
7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacral foramina
7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacral hiatus
7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacral micturition center
25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
sacral plexus
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sacral promontory
7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacrococcygeal curve
7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacroiliac joint
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
sacrospinous ligament
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
sacrotuberous ligament
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
saddle joint
9.4 Synovial Joints
sagittal plane
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
sagittal suture
7.2 The Skull
salivary glands
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
salivation
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
saltatory conduction
12.4 The Action Potential
saphenous nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sarcolemma
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sarcomere
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sarcopenia
10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
sarcoplasm
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
scala tympani
14.1 Sensory Perception
scala vestibuli
14.1 Sensory Perception
scalene muscles
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
scaphoid
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
sciatic nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sciatica
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sclera
14.1 Sensory Perception
scoliosis
7.3 The Vertebral Column
sebaceous gland
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
second messenger
17.2 Hormones
second-degree burn
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
secondary adaptive response
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
secondary curve
7.3 The Vertebral Column
secondary follicles
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
secondary lymphoid organs
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
secondary ossification center
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
secondary sex characteristics
27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
secondary union
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
secondary vesicles
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
secretin
24.4 Protein Metabolism
secretory phase
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
section
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
segmental muscle group
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
Segmentation
23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
selective permeability
3.1 The Cell Membrane
sella turcica
7.2 The Skull
semicircular canals
14.1 Sensory Perception
semilunar valves
19.1 Heart Anatomy
semimembranosus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
seminiferous tubules
27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
semispinalis capitis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
semispinalis cervicis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
semispinalis thoracis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
sensor
1.5 Homeostasis
sensorineural hearing
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
sensory exam
16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
sensory homunculus
14.2 Central Processing
sensory modality
14.1 Sensory Perception
septal cartilage
7.2 The Skull
septic shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
septum
19.1 Heart Anatomy
septum primum
19.1 Heart Anatomy
Seroconversion
21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
serous gland
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
serratus anterior
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
serum
18.5 Hemostasis
sesamoid bone
6.2 Bone Classification
set point
1.5 Homeostasis
severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
sex chromosomes
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
shaft of the femur
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
shaft of the fibula
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
shaft of the humerus
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
shaft of the radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
shaft of the tibia
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
shaft of the ulna
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
short bone
6.2 Bone Classification
short reflex
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
short-term memory
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
shunt
28.3 Fetal Development
sickle cell disease
18.3 Erythrocytes
sigmoid colon
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
simple columnar epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
simple cuboidal epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
simple squamous epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
sinoatrial (SA) node
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
sinus rhythm
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
sinus venosus
19.5 Development of the Heart
sinusoid capillary
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
sister chromatid
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
size exclusion
12.4 The Action Potential
skeletal muscle pump
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
skeletal system
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
skeleton
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
Slow oxidative (SO)
10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
small cardiac vein
19.1 Heart Anatomy
small intestine
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
small saphenous vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Snellen chart
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
sodium bicarbonate
24.4 Protein Metabolism
sodium-potassium pump
3.1 The Cell Membrane
soft palate
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
soleal line
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
solitary nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
somatic cell
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
somatic nervous system (SNS)
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
somatic reflex
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
spasticity
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Spatial summation
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
special sense
14.1 Sensory Perception
specific gravity
25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
sphenoid bone
7.2 The Skull
sphenoid sinus
7.2 The Skull
sphincter urethrovaginalis
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
sphygmomanometer
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
spinal accessory nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
spinal cavity
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
spinal nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
spinal trigeminal nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
spinalis capitis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spinalis cervicis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spinalis group
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spinalis thoracis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spine of the scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
spinocerebellar tract
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
spinocerebellum
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
spinothalamic tract
14.2 Central Processing
spinous process
7.3 The Vertebral Column
spiral ganglia
14.1 Sensory Perception
splenic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
splenius capitis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
splenius cervicis
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spliceosome
3.4 Protein Synthesis
splicing
3.4 Protein Synthesis
spongy bone
6.3 Bone Structure
spontaneous depolarization
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
Squamous cell carcinoma
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
squamous suture
7.2 The Skull
stage of exhaustion
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
stage of resistance
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
stapes
14.1 Sensory Perception
stem cell
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
stereocilia
14.1 Sensory Perception
stereognosis
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
sternal angle
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
sternal end of the clavicle
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
sternoclavicular joint
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
sternocleidomastoid
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
sternohyoid
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
sternothyroid
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
stomach
23.4 The Stomach
stratified columnar epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
stratum basale
5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum corneum
5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum granulosum
5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum lucidum
5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum spinosum
5.1 Layers of the Skin
stress-relaxation response
10.8 Smooth Muscle
stretch reflex
14.3 Motor Responses
striation
4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion
striatum
13.2 The Central Nervous System
stroke volume (SV)
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
styloglossus
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
Styloid process
7.2 The Skull
styloid process of the radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
styloid process of the ulna
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Stylomastoid foramen
7.2 The Skull
subacromial bursa
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
subarachnoid space
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
subclavian artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
subclavian vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
subcortical nuclei
13.2 The Central Nervous System
subcutaneous bursa
9.4 Synovial Joints
sublingual glands
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
submandibular glands
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
submodalities
14.1 Sensory Perception
submucosa
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
submucosal plexus
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
submuscular bursa
9.4 Synovial Joints
subpubic angle
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
subscapular bursa
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
subscapular fossa
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
subscapular vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
subscapularis
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
substantia nigra pars compacta
13.2 The Central Nervous System
substantia nigra pars reticulata
13.2 The Central Nervous System
subtalar joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
subtendinous bursa
9.4 Synovial Joints
subthalamus
13.2 The Central Nervous System
sudoriferous glands
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
Superficial
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
superficial anterior compartment of the forearm
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
superficial posterior compartment of the forearm
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
superficial reflex
16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Superior
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
superior angle of the scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
superior articular process
7.3 The Vertebral Column
superior articular process of the sacrum
7.3 The Vertebral Column
superior border of the scapula
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
superior cervical ganglion
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
superior extensor retinaculum
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
superior gemellus
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
superior mesenteric artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
superior mesenteric ganglion
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
superior nasal concha
7.2 The Skull
superior nuchal line
7.2 The Skull
superior oblique
14.1 Sensory Perception
Superior orbital fissure
7.2 The Skull
superior phrenic artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
superior pubic ramus
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
superior rectus
14.1 Sensory Perception
superior rotation
9.5 Types of Body Movements
supinated position
9.5 Types of Body Movements
Supination
9.5 Types of Body Movements
supine
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
supplemental motor area
14.3 Motor Responses
Supportive connective tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
suprachiasmatic nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
supraglenoid tubercle
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
Suprahyoid muscles
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
supraorbital foramen
7.2 The Skull
supraorbital margin
7.2 The Skull
suprascapular notch
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
supraspinatus
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
supraspinous fossa
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
supraspinous ligament
7.3 The Vertebral Column
surgical neck
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
suspensory ligaments
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
sustentaculum tali
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
sympathetic chain ganglia
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System ,
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic division
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
sympatholytic drug
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
sympathomimetic drug
15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
symphysis
9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
synapses
12.2 Nervous Tissue
synaptic end bulb
12.2 Nervous Tissue
synarthrosis
9.1 Classification of Joints
synchondrosis
9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
syncytiotrophoblast
28.2 Embryonic Development
syndesmosis
9.2 Fibrous Joints
synergist
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
synostosis
9.2 Fibrous Joints
synovial fluid
9.4 Synovial Joints
synovial joint
9.1 Classification of Joints
synthesis reaction
2.3 Chemical Reactions
systemic anatomy
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
systemic circuit
19.1 Heart Anatomy
systemic edema
25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
systemic nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
systole
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
systolic pressure
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
T
T cell-dependent antigen
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
T cell-independent antigen
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
T lymphocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
T-tubules
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
talocrural joint
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
target effector
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
target heart rate
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
tarsal bone
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
taste buds
14.1 Sensory Perception
tectorial membrane
14.1 Sensory Perception
tectospinal tract
14.3 Motor Responses
tegmentum
13.2 The Central Nervous System
telencephalon
13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Telophase
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
temporal bone
7.2 The Skull
temporal fossa
7.2 The Skull
temporal lobe
13.2 The Central Nervous System
temporal process of the zygomatic bone
7.2 The Skull
Temporal summation
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
temporal vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
tendinous intersections
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
tendon
9.4 Synovial Joints
tendon sheath
9.4 Synovial Joints
teniae coli
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
tensor fascia latae
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
terminal electron acceptor
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
terminal ganglia
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System ,
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
tertiary follicles
27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
testicular artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
testicular vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
testosterone
17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
Thalassemia
18.3 Erythrocytes
thenar eminence
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
thermoneutral
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
thermoregulation
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
thick filament
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
thin filament
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
third ventricle
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
third-degree burn
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
thoracic aorta
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
thoracic cage
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
thoracic cavity
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
thoracic curve
7.3 The Vertebral Column
thoracic duct
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
thoracic vertebrae
7.3 The Vertebral Column
Thoracic wall compliance
22.3 The Process of Breathing
thoracolumbar system
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
thoroughfare channel
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
threshold
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
thrombin
18.5 Hemostasis
thrombocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
thrombocytopenia
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Thrombocytosis
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Thrombopoietin
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
thrombosis
18.5 Hemostasis
thrombus
18.5 Hemostasis
thymus
17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions ,
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
thyrocervical artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
thyroid cartilage
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
thyroid gland
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
thyroxine
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
tibial collateral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
tibial nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
tibial tuberosity
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
tibialis anterior
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
tibialis posterior
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
Tidal volume (TV)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
tight junction
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
tissue factor
18.5 Hemostasis
tissue membrane
4.1 Types of Tissues
Tissue typing
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
topographical
14.1 Sensory Perception
Total dead space
22.3 The Process of Breathing
total lung capacity (TLC)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Total pressure
22.4 Gas Exchange
totipotent stem cell
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
trabeculae
6.3 Bone Structure
trabeculae carneae
19.1 Heart Anatomy
trachealis muscle
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
transamination
24.4 Protein Metabolism
transcription
3.4 Protein Synthesis
transcription factor
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
transduction
14.1 Sensory Perception
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3.4 Protein Synthesis
transferrin
18.3 Erythrocytes
transitional epithelium
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Translation
3.4 Protein Synthesis
Transpulmonary pressure
22.3 The Process of Breathing
transverse colon
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
transverse foramen
7.3 The Vertebral Column
transverse plane
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
transverse process
7.3 The Vertebral Column
transversospinales
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
transversus abdominis
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
trapezium
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
trapezoid
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
triad
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
triceps brachii
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
tricuspid valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
trigeminal ganglion
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
trigeminal nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
triglyceride
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
triglycerides
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
triiodothyronine
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
triplet
3.4 Protein Synthesis
triquetrum
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
trochlear nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
trochlear notch
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
trophoblasts
28.2 Embryonic Development
tropomyosin
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
troponin
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
true ribs
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
true vocal cord
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
truncus arteriosus
19.5 Development of the Heart
trypsin
24.4 Protein Metabolism
trypsinogen
24.4 Protein Metabolism
tubercle of the rib
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
tubuloglomerular feedback
25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
tunica externa
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
tunica intima
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
tunica media
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
tympanic membrane
14.1 Sensory Perception
type I alveolar cell
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
type I hypersensitivity
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
type II alveolar cell
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Type II hypersensitivity
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
Type III hypersensitivity
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
U
ulnar artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ulnar collateral ligament
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
ulnar nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
ulnar notch of the radius
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ulnar tuberosity
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ulnar vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Ultrasonography
1.7 Medical Imaging
Umami
14.1 Sensory Perception
umbilical arteries
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
umbilical cord
28.2 Embryonic Development
umbilical vein
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
uniaxial joint
9.1 Classification of Joints
unipennate
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Unipolar
12.2 Nervous Tissue
unipotent
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
universal donor
18.6 Blood Typing
universal recipient
18.6 Blood Typing
upper esophageal sphincter
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
upper motor neuron
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
upregulation
17.2 Hormones
urea cycle
24.4 Protein Metabolism
Urinalysis
25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
urochrome
25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
urogenital triangle
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
utricle
14.1 Sensory Perception
V
vagus nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
valence shell
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Valsalva’s maneuver
23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
valve
19.1 Heart Anatomy
variable region domain
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
vasa recta
25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
vasa vasorum
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Vascular shock
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
vascular shunt
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vascular spasm
18.5 Hemostasis
vascular tone
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Vascular tubes
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
vascular tunic
14.1 Sensory Perception
vasoconstriction
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vasomotion
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vasomotor nerves
15.3 Central Control
vastus intermedius
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
vastus lateralis
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
vastus medialis
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
venous reserve
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Ventilation
22.4 Gas Exchange
ventral
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
ventral (anterior) cavity
1.6 Anatomical Terminology
ventral (anterior) nerve root
13.2 The Central Nervous System
ventral posterior nucleus
14.2 Central Processing
ventral respiratory group (VRG)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
ventral stream
14.2 Central Processing
ventricular ejection phase
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
vernix caseosa
28.3 Fetal Development
vertebra
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
vertebral (spinal) canal
7.3 The Vertebral Column
vertebral arch
7.3 The Vertebral Column
vertebral arteries
13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
vertebral artery
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
vertebral column
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
vertebral foramen
7.3 The Vertebral Column
vertebral vein
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
vesicle
3.1 The Cell Membrane
vestibular fold
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
vestibular ganglion
14.1 Sensory Perception
vestibular nuclei
14.2 Central Processing
vestibule
14.1 Sensory Perception
vestibulocerebellum
16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
vestibulocochlear nerve
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
vestibulospinal tract
14.3 Motor Responses
visceral branches
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
visceral muscle
10.8 Smooth Muscle
visceral pleura
22.2 The Lungs
visceral reflex
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
visceral sense
14.1 Sensory Perception
Vision
14.1 Sensory Perception
visual acuity
14.1 Sensory Perception
Vital capacity (VC)
22.3 The Process of Breathing
Vitamins
24.7 Nutrition and Diet
vitiligo
5.1 Layers of the Skin
vitreous humor
14.1 Sensory Perception
voltage-gated channel
12.4 The Action Potential
voltage-gated sodium channels
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
voluntary phase
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
vomer bone
7.2 The Skull
W
wave summation
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Weber test
16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Wernicke’s area
16.2 The Mental Status Exam
white blood cells (WBCs)
18.1 An Overview of Blood
white rami communicantes
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
working memory
14.3 Motor Responses
wound contraction
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
X
X-linked
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
X-linked dominant
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
X-linked recessive
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
X-ray
1.7 Medical Imaging
xiphoid process
7.4 The Thoracic Cage
Z
zona fasciculata
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
zona glomerulosa
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
zona pellucida
28.1 Fertilization
zona reticularis
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
zone of calcified matrix
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
zone of maturation and hypertrophy
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
zonule fibers
14.1 Sensory Perception
zygapophysial joints
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
zygomatic arch
7.2 The Skull
zygomatic bone
7.2 The Skull
zygomatic process of the temporal bone
7.2 The Skull
zygote
28.1 Fertilization